浙江省淡水水生真菌多样性和分子系统发育研究

论文摘要

为了研究浙江省淡水水生真菌多样性,我们对长期浸泡在四条溪流中的腐木进行了采集。四条溪流分别位于浙江丽水市白云山森林公园,杭州九溪景区,松阳县卯山国家森林公园,临安天目山自然保护区。在这些标本上共检测到173种真菌,其中47种属于子囊菌,10个属于半知菌的腔孢纲,116个属于半知菌的丝孢纲。大部分子囊菌属于Annulatascaceae,Magnaporthaceae,Sordariales incertae sedis,Lophiostomataceae和Massarinaceae.而丝孢纲的真菌种类很多属于Acrogenospora,Bactrodesmium,Dictyosporium,Ellisembia,Helicosporium,Spirosphaera,Sporoschisma,and Xylomyces属。不同溪流间存在真菌多样性,每个采集地的真菌的种类组成也不同,数量变化范围为59-74。每份腐木标本上的种类平均为2.6个,变化范围为2.37-3.36个。只有6个种在四个不同地点的溪流中都存在,每个地点都有许多不常见的种类,出现频率只有1-2次。通过物种的数量和丰度分析表明,真菌物种多样性最大的是九溪。每条溪流的物种-地域曲线并没有达到平台期,说明每条溪流中真菌的多样性很高,需要采集更多的样品数来检测浙江省淡水水生真菌的多样性。我们在浙江省的溪流中长期浸泡的腐木上鉴定描述了4个半知菌的新种,它们分别是:Berkleasmium.zhejiangense sp.nov.,Cacumisporium uniseptatum sp.nov.,Dictyosporium zhrjiangensis sp.nov.,and-Sporidesmiopsis zhejiangensis sp,并分析讨论了这些新种与它们的相似种在形态学上的异同。同时,对从浙江省采集到的许多常见种类进行了描述,也对许多重要的淡水水生真菌和新纪录种类的特征进行了记录和讨论。我们采用核糖体基因的ITS区段和28S区段的序列信息对一些淡水水生真菌的分子系统发育关系进行了分析,其中一些序列来自GenBank。ITS区段的DNA序列序列信息用以研究新种Dictyosporium zhejiangensis sp.nov.在该属中与其他种的系统发育关系。根据5.8S核糖体基因的ITS区段的DNA序列,分析了真菌属Dictyosporium中12个种的进化关系。结果表明这个属的真菌是单系发生的,属中12个种类聚成2类。新种Dictyosporium zhejiangensis sp.nov.所在的类群的特征是分生孢子扁平,具有附属物。28S核糖体基因的序列信息进化速度比ITS区段小,但可以提供足够的信息分,在属级水平上析不同的属之间的系统发育关系。我们根据28S核糖体基因的序列信息,分析了Berkleasmium、Sporoschisma和一个明确分类地位的丝分孢子菌株与其相似菌的系统发育关系。分析结果显示Berkleasmium属的真菌不是单系发生的,与格孢腔菌目的真菌亲缘关系很近。另外,我们发现的新种Berkleasmium zhejiangense与格孢腔菌目的荚孢腔菌科（Sporormiaceae）的菌株亲缘关系很近。28S核糖体基因的序列分析还确证了Melanochaeta和Sporoschisma之间的有性态.无性态之间的联系。无性态属于Sporoschisma的菌株和属于Melanochaeta的有性态菌株聚类在一起,形成一个单系发生类群,这个结果得到了很强的统计支持,bootstrap值达到100%。但是,一个未鉴定的丝分孢子菌株与Ascotaiwania的菌株有很近的亲缘关系。

论文目录

• Acknowledements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Chapter Ⅰ Introduction and Literature Review
• 1.Introduction to freshwater fungi
• 2.Role of freshwater fungi in ecosystem
• 3.Habitats for freshwater fungi
• 4.Biogeography of freshwater fungi
• 5.Biodiversity of freshwater fungi
• 6.Adaptation for dispersal in freshwater Fungi
• 7.Application of rDNA sequencing in phylogenetic and systematic studies
• 8.Molecular phylogeny of freshwater fungi
• 9.Current status of freshwater fungi in mainland China
• 10.Research objective and outline
• Chapter Ⅱ Taxonomic description of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in Zhejiang Province
• 1.Introduction
• 2.Materials and Methods
• 3.Taxonomy
• Ascomycetes
• Aniptodera chesapeakensis
• Aquaticola ellipsoidea
• Ascolacicola sp
• Astrosphaeriella trochus
• Caryospora minima
• Cosmospora risbethii
• Saccardoella minuta
• Savoryella lignicola
• Hyphomycetes
• Acanthophysis-like structures
• Acrogenospora sphaerocephala
• Brachydesmiella orientalis
• Brachysporiella gayana
• Brachysporiella pulchra
• Cacumisporium uniseptatum sp.nov
• Conioscypha lignicola
• Elegantimyces sp.
• Ellisembia vaga.
• Everhartia tumidoapicis
• Exserticlava globosa
• Exserticlava vasiformis
• Helicosporium lumbricopsis
• Melanocephala australiensis
• Monotosporella setosa var.setosa
• Peyronelina glomerulata
• Phaeoisaria sparsa var.cubensis
• Physalidiella elegans
• Pleurothecium recurvatum
• Spadicoides americana
• Sporidesmiopsis zhejiangensis sp.nov.
• Sporidesmium altum
• Sporidesmium tropicale
• Sporoschisma nigroseptatum
• Sporoschisma saccardoi
• Stanjehughesia larvata
• Taeniolella rudis
• Torula herbarum
• Trichocladium englandense
• Xylomyces chlamydosporis
• Chapter Ⅲ Biodiversity of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in Zhejiang Province
• 1.Introduction
• 2.Materials and Methods
• 3.Results
• 3.1 Species diversity and richness
• 3.2 Dominance
• 3.3 Similarity
• 3.4 Species area curves
• 4.Discussion
• Chapter Ⅳ Molecular phylogeny of new or interesting freshwater fungi in Zhejiaug Province
• 1.Introduction
• 2.Materials and Methods
• 2.1 Fungal isolates and DNA extraction
• 2.2 DNA amplification and sequencing
• 2.3 Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis
• 3.Results and Discussions
• 3.1 Phylogenetic relationship within the genus Dictyosporium
• 3.2 Phylogenetic placement of Berkleasmium zhejiangense sp.nov
• 3.3 Anamorphs-teleomorphs connection among Sporoschisma and Melanochaeta species
• 3.4 Phylogenetic placement of an unidentified hyphomycete
• Chapter Ⅴ General conclusion
• General conclusion
• Future work
• References
• Publications
• Curriculum Vitae