《围城》中幽默语言的偏离研究

《围城》中幽默语言的偏离研究

论文摘要

《围城》是钱钟书先生创作的唯一的一部长篇小说,在现代文学史上享有盛誉,被称为“中国近代文学史上最有趣和最用心经营的小说”。《围城》风靡海内外,赢得无数读者的重要原因之一,便是其诙谐幽默的语言风格。纵观以往评学家们对《围城》中幽默的研究,概括起来主要是从以下几个视角:如探讨作品如何运用比喻制造幽默;如何运用漫画式手法描写人物制造幽默;如何运用典故制造幽默;以及运用不相关的比较来制造幽默等。但从“语言偏离”视角研究《围城》的幽默风格却颇为少见,本文拟以Geoffrey N. Leech的“偏离观”为研究理论基础和支撑,在继承和发展Geoffrey N. Leech的“偏离观”的基础上研究《围城》中的幽默现象,旨在揭示该小说中幽默的制笑机制,进而探索其幽默背后所表达的深层思想。Geoffrey N. Leech认为语言偏离可出现在语言系统中的八个层面,如词汇偏离,语法偏离,语音偏离,字形偏离,语义偏离,语域偏离,语体偏离,偏离历史时期等。本文运用定性研究法,从语言系统的八个层面对《围城》中的幽默语言实例进行了较为详尽和深刻的探析,同时详细分析了偏离现象在不同语言层面上的表现形式和具体实现方法,并试图论证语言偏离的具体实现如何制造文学作品的幽默效果。通过对《围城》中幽默语料的分析和讨论,本研究认为:首先,偏离语言运用常规是文学作品制造言语幽默的有效手段,每种偏离类型的具体实现方法同时也是制造幽默效果的方法。其次,该小说中的幽默不是为了简单的博人一笑,而是作者借以洞察世界,针砭时弊的有效工具。另外,偏离语言运用常规是言语幽默制笑的根本原因。文学作品中的幽默是由读者原有思维定势偏离作者真正意图而造成的。作者在创作中机智地运用偏离语言常规的词语或者句子,而读者受原有思维定势的影响常常会按照语言常规意义进行理解,但在特定语境中,读者又会立即反应出常规意义的理解根本行不通,因而造成了读者的期望与作者表达的真正含义之间的不一致,而幽默的本质就在于不同语言层面所包含的“期待与含义”的不一致性,就是在发现和破解不一致性中读者得到了挑战,快乐和反思。而这也正是言语幽默的制笑机制。本论文通过语言偏离解读《围城》中幽默的制笑机制旨在提出一个新的幽默研究视角。真诚期望本研究能帮助读者更好的欣赏《围城》这部伟大的作品,同时,本研究发现将能给人们学会运用偏离手段来制造幽默并用幽默手法表达更深层的思想提供有益的指导。然本研究可谓该研究视角尝试性的开端,期待能引起更多学者对本论题的兴趣和关注,引起更多喜爱《围城》的读者进行更加深入的研究。相信随着《围城》魅力的经久不衰以及偏离理论的发展,用偏离理论来解读《围城》和讨论《围城》中幽默语言会更深刻、更具说服力。偏离理论在文本语言赏析中的应用也会更加广泛。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 中文摘要
  • Introduction
  • Chapter One Literature Review
  • 1.1 Previous Studies on Fortress Besieged
  • 1.2 Previous Studies on the Humor in Fortress Besieged
  • Chapter Two Theoretical Framework
  • 2.1 Deviation and Humor
  • 2.2 Leech’s Classification of Deviation and Humor
  • 2.2.1 Lexis-oriented Deviation in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.2 Grammar-oriented Deviation in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.3 Phonology-oriented Deviation in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.4 Graphology-oriented Deviation in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.5 Semantics-oriented Deviation in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.6 Dialect-oriented Deviation in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.7 Deviation of Register in Linguistic Humor
  • 2.2.8 Deviation of Historical Period in Linguistic Humor
  • Chapter Three Analysis and Discussion of the Humorous Expressions in Fortress Besieged
  • 3.1 The Humorous Effects through Lexical Deviation
  • 3.1.1 Splitting Compound Words or Conventional Idioms with Agility
  • 3.1.2 Creating New Lexis by Imitating the Already-existed Lexis
  • 3.2 The Humorous Effects through Grammatical Deviation
  • 3.2.1 Changing the Part of Speech of Some Words
  • 3.2.2 Unconventional Collocation of Words
  • 3.2.3 Reversing the Sequence of Words in a Sentence
  • 3.3 The Humorous Effects through Phonological Deviation
  • 3.3.1 Wrong or Unclear Articulation
  • 3.3.2 Inserting Some English Words in Speaking Chinese
  • 3.4 The Humorous Effects through Graphological Deviation
  • 3.5 The Humorous Effects through Semantic Deviation
  • 3.5.1 Using Figure of Speech
  • 3.5.2 Changing the Conventional Definition of Phrases
  • 3.5.3 Using Commendatory Terms as Derogatory Terms
  • 3.5.4 Creating Some Illogical Sentences
  • 3.6 The Humorous Effects through Dialectal Deviation
  • 3.7 The Humorous Effects through Register Deviation
  • 3.8 The Humorous Effects through Deviation of historical period
  • Chapter Four Implications
  • 4.1 Major Findings
  • 4.2 Implications and Significance of the Study
  • 4.3 Limitations and Suggestions
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
  • Publications
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    《围城》中幽默语言的偏离研究
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