解码荣誉与羞耻之谜 ——正当与偏差的自尊之多维度探究

解码荣誉与羞耻之谜 ——正当与偏差的自尊之多维度探究

论文摘要

论题的缘起:在探求人性和人类行为的真理之过程中,自尊一直被奉为人类的核心价值或个人利益之中心。自尊对人类的生存、福祉以及价值等多方面的影响是显而易见的。自尊虽然是最本质、历时最久远的论题之一,但至今仍缺乏多维度的综合研究。人们通常狭义地理解自尊,而本文拟从更广义的层面上将自尊定义为个人对自我相对于他人的价值判断。自尊可以与许多诱因相关联,也可以有多种表现形式。换言之,自尊既能产生正当的态度,如建设性的荣誉感与耻辱感,也能产生偏差的态度,如虚夸的傲慢和无端的自我卑贬。据此,本研究主要探讨作为个人态度的自尊表现形式,包括正当或偏差的表现。然而,现有的相关研究与论述并不充分,有进一步梳理和建构的必要。本研究认定,对正当或偏差自尊的细化甄别与区分有助于了解自尊的本质,并且可以更准确地阐释其种种表现和理清有关观点。基本思路和方法论:虽然这一论题已引起东、西方历史上很多智者、哲人的关注,并已在几个典型的文化传统中有所表现,但大都各持一端,至今还未能有一个能比较准确的、可以全面概括与衡量正当自尊与偏差态度的标准。本研究力求将自尊的态度划分为正当与偏差两类,并提出十条分类的标准,希翼能借助社会科学的研究方法和跨学科的途径,试探性地建构有关理论框架,以澄清思路,并在多项应用中检验该框架的有效性:应用范围包括对前人观点和典型文化的重新审视,对文学人物的分析以及对社会现象的阐释。研究结果既可以是证实性质也可以是证伪性质。需要指出的是,该框架是在对普遍现象的描述基础上的抽象,具有规约和意想成分,而对其运用则必然要受到语境和情境的影响,具有灵活性。具体步骤和内容:第一章为引言部分,主要确立研究的主题,指明选题依据,研究方法和途径。第二章,通过列举前人及典型文化对该论题的描述及所持观点,逐步获取对自尊论题的本体认识。在该过程中,力求梳理观点中的混杂和矛盾,籍此澄清思路,确立构建理论框架的必要性。第三章中提出了试探性的理论框架,其中包含十条分类原则;前五条是有关正当的自尊态度,后五条则是关于偏差的自尊态度。该理论框架的合理性和有效性将通过对前人观点和典型文化的重新审视,以及对文学人物的分析以和社会现象的阐释得到检验。第四章是基于第三章理论框架对前人视角的重新审视;第五章是运用第三章理论框架分析文学人物和社会现象。第六章为结论,其中,首先评估了针对该理论有效性检验的结果,认为该框架有可观的阐释作用和效度。其后指出在其他领域运用该研究结果的可能性,以及本研究的局限性和进一步研究的方向。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Themes of Research
  • 1.2 Reasons for Research
  • 1.3 Methodological Considerations
  • 1.4 Preview of Following Contents
  • Chapter Two An Ontology of Self Dignity: Perspectives and Manifestations
  • 2.1 David Hume
  • 2.1.1 Cause and object of pride
  • 2.1.2 Exceptions for general rule
  • 2.1.3 Summary
  • 2.2 Arthur Schopenhauer
  • 2.2.1 Honor, Pride and Modesty
  • 2.2.2 Summary
  • 2.3 Adam Smith
  • 2.3.1 Sympathy
  • 2.3.2 Five categories of human passions
  • 2.3.3 Summary
  • 2.4 Immanuel Kant
  • 2.4.1 Honor, vanity and arrogance
  • 2.4.2 Summary
  • 2.5 Thomas Hobbes
  • 2.5.1 Obedience to Leviathan
  • 2.5.2 Summary
  • 2.6 Aristotle
  • 2.6.1 Aristotle's scale
  • 2.6.2 Further description of honor and megalopsukhia
  • 2.7 Christian Tradition
  • 2.7.1 Pride: the beginning of sins
  • 2.7.1.1 Pride before and after the original sin
  • 2.7.1.2 Not only human's pride
  • 2.7.1.3 Objects of pride in the Bible
  • 2.7.1.4 Superbia in "Seven Deadly Sins"
  • 2.7.2 Humility: cure for pride
  • 2.7.3 Summary of Christian attitude toward humankind's self dignity
  • 2.8 Representative Cultures
  • 2.8.1 Homeric timē
  • 2.8.2 Hellenic aid(o|?)s
  • 2.8.3 Honor and loyalty in Bushido
  • 2.8.4 Face in Chinese tradition
  • 2.8.4.1 Survey reveals confusion
  • 2.8.4.2 Lian Versus mien
  • Chapter Three Toward a Construction of a Framework
  • 3.1 Necessity for Distinction and Categorization
  • 3.2 A Tentative Framework
  • Chapter Four Test of the Framework Through Re-examining Representative Views.
  • 4.1 Re-examining Perspectives from Representative Scholars
  • 4.1.1 David Hume
  • 4.1.2 Arthur Schopenhauer
  • 4.1.3 Adam Smith
  • 4.1.4 Immanuel Kant
  • 4.1.5 Thomas Hobbes
  • 4.1.6 Aristotle
  • 4.2 Re-examining Holdings in Some Representative Traditions
  • 4.2.1 Christianity
  • 4.2.2 Homeric timē and Hellenic aid(o|?)s
  • 4.2.3 Bushido
  • Chapter Five Test Via Application to Literary and Cultural Studies
  • 5. 1 Justified or Deviant, That Is a Problem
  • 5.1.1 Deviant arrogance but justified pride
  • 5.1.2 Declining pride pervaded by justified humility
  • 5.1.2.1 Declining pride
  • 5.1.2.2 Justified humility
  • 5.1.3 Honor partially justified by divided communal value
  • 5.1.3.1 Morally justified minor attitudes
  • 5.1.3.2 Core attitude: old deviant or new justified
  • 5.1.3.3 Proofs of the conflict between morally justified and communally justified
  • 5.1.4 Summary
  • 5.2 Deciphering Social Practice
  • Chapter Six Conclusion
  • 6.1 Evaluation of the Validity of the Findings
  • 6.2 Implications
  • 6.3 Limitations
  • Acknowledgements
  • Works Cited
  • Appendix
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    解码荣誉与羞耻之谜 ——正当与偏差的自尊之多维度探究
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