论文摘要
无论是在生理状况还是病理状况下,生命体中很多生物过程的发生进行都离不开细胞迁移这一重要环节。这些过程包括:胚胎发育;机体免疫应答;组织伤愈修复;以及肿瘤细胞转移。在果蝇卵子形成过程中,有一簇粘连在一起的细胞团被称作边界细胞团。这个细胞团的迁移过程隶属于趋化运动,而且该过程和肿瘤细胞转移过程极为相似。研究表明:两个重要的肌动蛋白骨架代谢调节因子cofilin和Rac在边界细胞团的迁移过程中都是不可或缺的。通过体外细胞培养获得的数据证实:cofilin和Rac对于细胞片状伪足的伸出至关重要,他们都能促进这一过程的发生。然而令人疑惑的是:细胞水平上的实验证据表明Rac信号通路的激活会促进cofilin的磷酸化进而抑制其活性。在本研究中,我们使用边界细胞迁移作为模型。它是一个已经被广泛应用而且拥有完善的遗传学操作手段的细胞迁移模型。通过这个模型,我们在遗传学水平上诠释了Rac与cofilin在生物体内的相互关系。我们发现cofilin对于边界细胞伸出片状伪足这一过程是必不可少的。它的活性直接影响边界细胞片状伪足的数量以及长度。有趣的是,如果将cofilin的量减少一半或者在边界细胞团中过量表达cofilin的显性负性形式(cofilinS3E)的话,能够有效拯救由Rac功能缺失所导致的边界细胞迁移异常以及细胞突起异常。此外,我们还观察到在野生型边界细胞中cofilin的分布存在不对称性,位于迁移细胞前端的cofilin的量是后端的1.5倍。而磷酸化cofilin的分布却没有这种不对称性,它均匀的分布于边界细胞细胞质中。我们发现Rac信号通路能够调节cofilin的磷酸化,而对其分布的不对称性没有作用。更重要的是,我们还发现导向受体PVR (PDGF/VEGF受体)调控了cofilin在空间上分布的不对称性,但是不影响其磷酸化。以上研究结果表明边界细胞团的趋化运动的调控方式与局部激活整体抑制(Local Excitation Global Inhibition, LEGI)模型非常吻合。简而言之:胞外趋化因子通过PVR信号通路诱导胞内cofilin形成不对称分布,而一条未知的信号通路通过Rac信号通路促使cofilin被整体抑制,从而实现了失活的和活性的cofilin在空间上的分离。这一分离将致使具有促进片状伪足伸出功能的活性的cofilin主要集中分布在胞内面向胞外趋化因子源的一端,因此促成了边界细胞团的定向运动。
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