本文主要研究内容
作者江其朋（2019）在《烟草根际不同土层细菌种群多样性及其与青枯病发生的关系研究》一文中研究指出：烟草青枯病是由土壤中青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种典型的土传细菌性、维管束病害。青枯雷尔氏菌具有寄主范围广泛,地理分布复杂,致病性和生理特性多样等特点。近年来全球极端气候和天气频发,短时强降雨和长期高温干旱天气使得青枯病发生愈发频繁,由此造成的农产品产质量下降等问题也愈发突出,严重影响了栽培作物品质和质量安全,实现对青枯病的有效防控迫在眉睫!目前,对青枯病发病机理的研究主要集中在病原菌与寄主互作机制、土壤整体微生物或部分功能菌群与植物和病原菌互作过程、以及植物根系活性物质在病原菌侵染植物中的作用等方面,而进行土壤微生态调控防治青枯病的防控技术探索也只停留在宏观整体水平。本研究论文以不同深度土层青枯菌及细菌种群的分布和组成为研究切入点,研究发病与不发病烟株不同土层土壤与烟草青枯病发生的关系、不同土层的青枯菌的分布特征以及微生物结构多样性,旨在明确青枯菌在土壤中不同土层的分布情况,筛选可用于病害防控的根际微生物类群,同时,探究不同土层的调控措施对烟草青枯病的防控效果,为破解烟草青枯病发生的微生态机理提供新思路和新方法,为实现对烟草青枯病的精准防控提供理论支撑。1.测定了烟草根际不同土层青枯菌含量发病土壤不同深度土层青枯菌含量均高于不发病土壤,在发病与不发病土壤中均发现10~30 cm土层青枯菌含量明显较0~10 cm土层高,因此,在今后病害防控中需重视耕层底层土壤的病原菌基数控制。发病烟株根际土壤青枯菌含量在1.25~5.72×10~8 copies/g之间,不发病烟株根际土壤青枯菌含量在0.907~2.30×10~8 copies/g之间。2.明确了烟株根际不同土层烟草青枯病发生特征田间发病土盆栽试验结果显示:20~30 cm土层发病最重,0~10 cm土层次之,10~20 cm土层最弱;不发病土接菌后的抑病试验结果显示:10~20 cm土层抑病力最强,20~30 cm土层次之,0~10 cm土层最弱。结果表明,10~20 cm土层对青枯病的发生有明显的抑制作用,其致病性最弱,抑病性最强,可作为后期寻找抑病关键因子的重要研究对象。同时,20~30 cm土层致病性最强,抑病性较弱。因此,在今后研究过程中建议重视10~30 cm土层中关键因子的分析,同时,重视调控该土层防控烟草青枯病。3.分析了烟草青枯病发病区健康与发病烟株根际不同土层细菌结构多样性(1)变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,6个)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)均为发病和不发病土壤丰度排名前4的类群。发病土壤和不发病土壤不同土层整体细菌群落结构不存在显著差异。(2)对不同土层特异性细菌种群的分析结果表明,在深层土壤有显著富集现象的细菌种群分别属于Holophaga、Phenylobacterium、Acidothermus、Jatrophihabitans、Acidibacter和Sphingobium,尤其Holophaga和Acidibacter属在发病和不发病土壤中均呈现往深层土壤富集的趋势。不发病土壤环境中,与青枯菌属负相关的地杆菌属(Terrabacter)在表层土壤(0~10cm)的丰度显著高于深层土壤(10~20和20~30 cm),而青枯菌属正相关堆囊菌属(Sorangium)随土层加深,丰度显著升高。(3)发病土壤中共筛选出22个与青枯菌属密切相关的属,不发病土壤中共筛选出8个与青枯菌属密切相关的属,在筛选出的28个与青枯菌属丰度呈显著相关性的属中,类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)均呈现出与青枯雷尔菌属负相关,而Mucilaginibacter则与青枯雷尔菌属正相关。而类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)丰度在10~20 cm土层中,不发病土壤类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)丰度高于发病土壤,这可能与其强抑病性有密切关联。因此,针对本研究筛选出的Holophaga、Acidibacter、类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)、Mucilaginibacter、地杆菌属(Terrabacter)和堆囊菌属(Sorangium)等6个与烟草青枯病致病或抑制存在较强关联的细菌种群,在今后的研究中做应功能验证和重点关注。4.评估了不同调控措施调控不同土层对烟草青枯病发生的影响(1)表层土壤(0~10 cm)水份散失较快、受降雨影响最为直接、土壤温度受光照影响波动较大等特点,而较深土层土壤(10~30 cm)温湿度则较为稳定,受光照和降雨影响较小。通过田间揭膜培土试验,本节证明了揭膜处理可显著降低土壤温度1.7~3.7℃,降低土壤湿度50%,有利于改善膜下高温高湿的土壤环境。同时,揭膜培土也明显降低了20~30 cm土层青枯菌的含量,对烟草青枯病也有明显的防控效果,最高防效可达44.19%,而垄上培土量的增加也可进一步促进对烟草青枯病的防控效果。(2)生物炭处理不同土层后(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm),对应土层土壤pH可显著提高0.46~0.65个单位(p=0.05),但是对土壤中青枯菌没有较为显著的影响,对烟草青枯病的防控效果也不佳。荧光假单胞杆菌和硫酸链霉素处理可降低处理一定范围内病原青枯菌的数量。不同的是,荧光假单胞杆菌只对处理土层的病原青枯菌具有抑制作用,且处理深层土壤(10~30 cm)时对烟草青枯病的防控效果可达37.96%~63.58%。而硫酸链霉素对处理土层以下的土层有一定抑菌作用,当处理表层土壤(0~10 cm)时对烟草青枯病的防控效果最佳,防效可达56.19%。因此,建议在今后的生产过程中重视控制耕层深层土壤病原菌基数,如尽早移除发病烟株和进行冬耕晒土,同时,在施用药剂处理时应有针对性,如微生物类菌剂需在早期在深层土壤施用,而杀菌剂类可在移栽封窝后及时处理表层土壤。
Abstract
yan cao qing ku bing shi you tu rang zhong qing ku lei er shi jun (Ralstonia solanacearum)yin qi de yi chong dian xing de tu chuan xi jun xing 、wei guan shu bing hai 。qing ku lei er shi jun ju you ji zhu fan wei an fan ,de li fen bu fu za ,zhi bing xing he sheng li te xing duo yang deng te dian 。jin nian lai quan qiu ji duan qi hou he tian qi pin fa ,duan shi jiang jiang yu he chang ji gao wen gan han tian qi shi de qing ku bing fa sheng yu fa pin fan ,you ci zao cheng de nong chan pin chan zhi liang xia jiang deng wen ti ye yu fa tu chu ,yan chong ying xiang le zai pei zuo wu pin zhi he zhi liang an quan ,shi xian dui qing ku bing de you xiao fang kong pai zai mei jie !mu qian ,dui qing ku bing fa bing ji li de yan jiu zhu yao ji zhong zai bing yuan jun yu ji zhu hu zuo ji zhi 、tu rang zheng ti wei sheng wu huo bu fen gong neng jun qun yu zhi wu he bing yuan jun hu zuo guo cheng 、yi ji zhi wu gen ji huo xing wu zhi zai bing yuan jun qin ran zhi wu zhong de zuo yong deng fang mian ,er jin hang tu rang wei sheng tai diao kong fang zhi qing ku bing de fang kong ji shu tan suo ye zhi ting liu zai hong guan zheng ti shui ping 。ben yan jiu lun wen yi bu tong shen du tu ceng qing ku jun ji xi jun chong qun de fen bu he zu cheng wei yan jiu qie ru dian ,yan jiu fa bing yu bu fa bing yan zhu bu tong tu ceng tu rang yu yan cao qing ku bing fa sheng de guan ji 、bu tong tu ceng de qing ku jun de fen bu te zheng yi ji wei sheng wu jie gou duo yang xing ,zhi zai ming que qing ku jun zai tu rang zhong bu tong tu ceng de fen bu qing kuang ,shai shua ke yong yu bing hai fang kong de gen ji wei sheng wu lei qun ,tong shi ,tan jiu bu tong tu ceng de diao kong cuo shi dui yan cao qing ku bing de fang kong xiao guo ,wei po jie yan cao qing ku bing fa sheng de wei sheng tai ji li di gong xin sai lu he xin fang fa ,wei shi xian dui yan cao qing ku bing de jing zhun fang kong di gong li lun zhi cheng 。1.ce ding le yan cao gen ji bu tong tu ceng qing ku jun han liang fa bing tu rang bu tong shen du tu ceng qing ku jun han liang jun gao yu bu fa bing tu rang ,zai fa bing yu bu fa bing tu rang zhong jun fa xian 10~30 cmtu ceng qing ku jun han liang ming xian jiao 0~10 cmtu ceng gao ,yin ci ,zai jin hou bing hai fang kong zhong xu chong shi geng ceng de ceng tu rang de bing yuan jun ji shu kong zhi 。fa bing yan zhu gen ji tu rang qing ku jun han liang zai 1.25~5.72×10~8 copies/gzhi jian ,bu fa bing yan zhu gen ji tu rang qing ku jun han liang zai 0.907~2.30×10~8 copies/gzhi jian 。2.ming que le yan zhu gen ji bu tong tu ceng yan cao qing ku bing fa sheng te zheng tian jian fa bing tu pen zai shi yan jie guo xian shi :20~30 cmtu ceng fa bing zui chong ,0~10 cmtu ceng ci zhi ,10~20 cmtu ceng zui ruo ;bu fa bing tu jie jun hou de yi bing shi yan jie guo xian shi :10~20 cmtu ceng yi bing li zui jiang ,20~30 cmtu ceng ci zhi ,0~10 cmtu ceng zui ruo 。jie guo biao ming ,10~20 cmtu ceng dui qing ku bing de fa sheng you ming xian de yi zhi zuo yong ,ji zhi bing xing zui ruo ,yi bing xing zui jiang ,ke zuo wei hou ji xun zhao yi bing guan jian yin zi de chong yao yan jiu dui xiang 。tong shi ,20~30 cmtu ceng zhi bing xing zui jiang ,yi bing xing jiao ruo 。yin ci ,zai jin hou yan jiu guo cheng zhong jian yi chong shi 10~30 cmtu ceng zhong guan jian yin zi de fen xi ,tong shi ,chong shi diao kong gai tu ceng fang kong yan cao qing ku bing 。3.fen xi le yan cao qing ku bing fa bing ou jian kang yu fa bing yan zhu gen ji bu tong tu ceng xi jun jie gou duo yang xing (1)bian xing jun men (Proteobacteria)、fang xian jun men (Actinobacteria)、lu wan jun men (Chloroflexi,6ge )he suan gan jun men (Acidobacteria)jun wei fa bing he bu fa bing tu rang feng du pai ming qian 4de lei qun 。fa bing tu rang he bu fa bing tu rang bu tong tu ceng zheng ti xi jun qun la jie gou bu cun zai xian zhe cha yi 。(2)dui bu tong tu ceng te yi xing xi jun chong qun de fen xi jie guo biao ming ,zai shen ceng tu rang you xian zhe fu ji xian xiang de xi jun chong qun fen bie shu yu Holophaga、Phenylobacterium、Acidothermus、Jatrophihabitans、Acidibacterhe Sphingobium,you ji Holophagahe Acidibactershu zai fa bing he bu fa bing tu rang zhong jun cheng xian wang shen ceng tu rang fu ji de qu shi 。bu fa bing tu rang huan jing zhong ,yu qing ku jun shu fu xiang guan de de gan jun shu (Terrabacter)zai biao ceng tu rang (0~10cm)de feng du xian zhe gao yu shen ceng tu rang (10~20he 20~30 cm),er qing ku jun shu zheng xiang guan dui nang jun shu (Sorangium)sui tu ceng jia shen ,feng du xian zhe sheng gao 。(3)fa bing tu rang zhong gong shai shua chu 22ge yu qing ku jun shu mi qie xiang guan de shu ,bu fa bing tu rang zhong gong shai shua chu 8ge yu qing ku jun shu mi qie xiang guan de shu ,zai shai shua chu de 28ge yu qing ku jun shu feng du cheng xian zhe xiang guan xing de shu zhong ,lei nuo ka shi shu (Nocardioides)jun cheng xian chu yu qing ku lei er jun shu fu xiang guan ,er Mucilaginibacterze yu qing ku lei er jun shu zheng xiang guan 。er lei nuo ka shi shu (Nocardioides)feng du zai 10~20 cmtu ceng zhong ,bu fa bing tu rang lei nuo ka shi shu (Nocardioides)feng du gao yu fa bing tu rang ,zhe ke neng yu ji jiang yi bing xing you mi qie guan lian 。yin ci ,zhen dui ben yan jiu shai shua chu de Holophaga、Acidibacter、lei nuo ka shi shu (Nocardioides)、Mucilaginibacter、de gan jun shu (Terrabacter)he dui nang jun shu (Sorangium)deng 6ge yu yan cao qing ku bing zhi bing huo yi zhi cun zai jiao jiang guan lian de xi jun chong qun ,zai jin hou de yan jiu zhong zuo ying gong neng yan zheng he chong dian guan zhu 。4.ping gu le bu tong diao kong cuo shi diao kong bu tong tu ceng dui yan cao qing ku bing fa sheng de ying xiang (1)biao ceng tu rang (0~10 cm)shui fen san shi jiao kuai 、shou jiang yu ying xiang zui wei zhi jie 、tu rang wen du shou guang zhao ying xiang bo dong jiao da deng te dian ,er jiao shen tu ceng tu rang (10~30 cm)wen shi du ze jiao wei wen ding ,shou guang zhao he jiang yu ying xiang jiao xiao 。tong guo tian jian jie mo pei tu shi yan ,ben jie zheng ming le jie mo chu li ke xian zhe jiang di tu rang wen du 1.7~3.7℃,jiang di tu rang shi du 50%,you li yu gai shan mo xia gao wen gao shi de tu rang huan jing 。tong shi ,jie mo pei tu ye ming xian jiang di le 20~30 cmtu ceng qing ku jun de han liang ,dui yan cao qing ku bing ye you ming xian de fang kong xiao guo ,zui gao fang xiao ke da 44.19%,er long shang pei tu liang de zeng jia ye ke jin yi bu cu jin dui yan cao qing ku bing de fang kong xiao guo 。(2)sheng wu tan chu li bu tong tu ceng hou (0~10 cm、10~20 cmhe 20~30 cm),dui ying tu ceng tu rang pHke xian zhe di gao 0.46~0.65ge chan wei (p=0.05),dan shi dui tu rang zhong qing ku jun mei you jiao wei xian zhe de ying xiang ,dui yan cao qing ku bing de fang kong xiao guo ye bu jia 。ying guang jia chan bao gan jun he liu suan lian mei su chu li ke jiang di chu li yi ding fan wei nei bing yuan qing ku jun de shu liang 。bu tong de shi ,ying guang jia chan bao gan jun zhi dui chu li tu ceng de bing yuan qing ku jun ju you yi zhi zuo yong ,ju chu li shen ceng tu rang (10~30 cm)shi dui yan cao qing ku bing de fang kong xiao guo ke da 37.96%~63.58%。er liu suan lian mei su dui chu li tu ceng yi xia de tu ceng you yi ding yi jun zuo yong ,dang chu li biao ceng tu rang (0~10 cm)shi dui yan cao qing ku bing de fang kong xiao guo zui jia ,fang xiao ke da 56.19%。yin ci ,jian yi zai jin hou de sheng chan guo cheng zhong chong shi kong zhi geng ceng shen ceng tu rang bing yuan jun ji shu ,ru jin zao yi chu fa bing yan zhu he jin hang dong geng shai tu ,tong shi ,zai shi yong yao ji chu li shi ying you zhen dui xing ,ru wei sheng wu lei jun ji xu zai zao ji zai shen ceng tu rang shi yong ,er sha jun ji lei ke zai yi zai feng wo hou ji shi chu li biao ceng tu rang 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西南大学的江其朋，发表于刊物西南大学2019-09-24论文，是一篇关于土层论文,烟草青枯病论文,细菌种群结构论文,青枯菌含量论文,西南大学2019-09-24论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西南大学2019-09-24论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：土层论文; 烟草青枯病论文; 细菌种群结构论文; 青枯菌含量论文; 西南大学2019-09-24论文;