论文摘要
水泥混凝土的收缩开裂是影响其耐久性的重要因素。矿物外加剂和化学外加剂大幅度地提高了高性能混凝土的施工性能和物理力学性能,成为其中不可或缺的两个必要组分;但另一方面,由于这两个组分加入到混凝土中,使得其变形开裂的影响因素更加复杂。若能从根本上研究清楚两者对水泥石乃至混凝土的干燥收缩影响规律及其机理,提出解决混凝土收缩开裂的技术措施,对混凝土干燥收缩开裂问题达到标本兼治具有重要的科学理论价值和工程实践意义。本论文采用一种快速测试水泥石干燥收缩的碟片试验方法,研究了硅灰、粉煤灰、磨细矿渣等矿物外加剂和萘系高效减水剂、聚羧酸高效减水剂等对标准养护的水泥石干燥收缩的影响。针对大体积混凝土和蒸养制品等,设计了早期热处理的试验方法,即第1天为60℃养护、以后一直保持标准养护,并对该条件下的水泥石的干缩变化规律进行了研究。利用压汞法和氮吸附法测试了水泥石的孔结构,从而对干缩的微观本质进行了探索性研究。论文取得的主要研究结论如下:①矿物外加剂对水泥石干燥收缩的影响与其品种、掺量及水胶比、水化程度有关。大掺量粉煤灰、大掺量矿渣均能降低水泥石的干燥收缩;硅灰对水泥石干燥收缩的影响不显著,低水胶比、掺量为5.0%~7.5%时能减小水泥石的干缩。②化学外加剂能增加水泥石的干燥收缩,其影响程度与其品种、掺量及水胶比、水化程度有关。一般情况下,掺入高效减水剂增加了水泥石的干燥收缩,且掺量越大,干燥收缩越大。因此,工程实践中为了尽量降低干燥收缩,在保证其他性能不受影响的情况下应尽量减小高效减水剂的掺量。③原始配比相同,不同龄期的水泥石的干燥收缩不同。不含外加剂的水泥石,早期干燥收缩最大。含硅灰的水泥石,低水胶比时,仍然是早期干燥收缩最大,但大水胶比时,龄期越长的水泥石的干燥收缩越大;对含粉煤灰和矿渣的水泥石除早期干缩较大外,还存在一个干缩最大的最不利龄期,约在1月左右。含高效减水剂的水泥石,仍然是早期干燥收缩最大。对使用聚羧酸系高效减水剂的水泥石,干燥收缩还存在一个后期(约2月后)增长过程。④原始配比相同,早期热处理对水泥石的干燥收缩有影响。早期热处理会降低不含外加剂的水泥石的干缩。含硅灰的水泥石,早期热处理仍降低干缩;含粉煤灰的水泥石和含矿渣的水泥石,早期热处理仍降低干缩,但受龄期和掺量干扰。含高效减水剂的水泥石,早期热处理仍降低干缩。对使用聚羧酸系高效减水剂的水泥石,早期热处理会增加后期(约2月后)干缩。⑤压汞法和氮吸附测孔法测试水泥石的孔结构显示,矿物外加剂增加水泥石的总孔隙率,小于32nm的毛细孔和大于10μm的大孔均有所增加;含化学外加剂的水泥石的总孔隙率降低,20~50nm的毛细孔显著减少,大于10μm的大孔略有增加。以上孔结构试验结果能够解释测试的水泥石的干燥收缩性能。以上试验结果对混凝土外加剂在工程实践中的应用具有一定的指导意义。
论文目录
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