《现代汉语词典》第5版属性词标注实证研究

论文摘要

词类是语法研究的基础,它在句法理论中扮演着重要的角色,同时更是词典要素之一。但是,长期以来现代汉语词典中很少有系统的词类标注,词典的词类标注自然也成了汉语词典编纂最为薄弱的环节。《现代汉语词典》(以下简称《现汉》)作为一部汉语辞书中影响最为深远的权威辞书,同时也是汉语理论研究成果与词典编纂实践结合的产物。它的出版史也直接或间接地折射出汉语词类研究的不断深入和提高,这一点从《现汉》的编纂史就可以得到验证。从第1版到第4版,《现汉》在词类标注上都未有突破,词典基本上只是对部分虚词作了标注而忽略了对实词进行词类标注。直到第5版,《现汉》才作了尝试,在区分词与非词的基础上,对所收的现代汉语的词作了全面标注。形容词作为词类的重要成员,其内部也包罗万象。《现汉》第5版把形容词细分为属性词和状态词来标注。那么究竟《现汉》第5版中属性词的整体词类标注如何?本文正是基于国家语委语料库和自建的《现汉》第5版属性词数据库在定量基础上利用范畴化理论(包括去范畴化理论)及其生成机制之一的语法转喻来探讨《现汉》第5版属性词的标注情况。文章通过对94个属性词的对称性标注,174个词目兼类标注和382个单类标注的情况逐一考察,并对其标注背后原因进行讨论。研究表明,属性词以及其他词类是动态的,不是一成不变的。个体词的兼类不是偶然的,词类转换以及兼类词的生成这两者是相互依存的。作为一种普遍的语言现象,个体词发生去范畴化和再范畴化是人类转喻思维过程的一种体现,体现了人类思维过程的凝化和简练。属性词和其它词类(尤其是名词、动词和副词)的兼类背后有着深层的认知理据。通过对个案实证讨论得出《现汉》第5版属性词的标注过于保守,进而指出加强现代汉语词类标注的理论与实践研究的紧迫性和艰巨性。

论文目录

摘要

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Rationale for the Research

1.2 Objectives of the Research

1.3 Methodology

1.4 Layout of the Thesis

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 A Survey of POS Studies

2.2 A Survey of Adjective Studies in Modern Chinese

2.3 A Survey of AA Studies in Modern Chinese

2.4 AA labeling in Modern Chinese Dictionaries

2.5 Summary

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework

3.1 Grammatical Metonymy

3.1.1 Defining Metonymy and Grammatical Metonymy

3.1.2 Classification of Metonymy and Grammatical Metonymy

3.1.2.1 Whole ICM and Its Part

3.1.2.2 Parts of an ICM

3.1.3 Grammatical Metonymy as the Mechanism of Conversion between Word Classes

3.2 Research Hypothesis

3.3 Summary

Chapter Four Research Results and Discussion

4.1 Overall Description of Statistical Results

4.2 Analysis and Discussion

4.2.1 The Typical Members of AA in Modern Chinese

4.2.2 Grammatical Functions of AA

4.2.3 A Discussion of Symmetry of AA Labeling in CCD5

4.3 A Discussion of Words with Overlapping POS between Word Classes

4.3.1 Words with Overlapping POS between AA and Noun: A Case Study

4.3.2 Words with Overlapping POS between AA and Verb: A Case Study

4.3.3 Words with Overlapping POS between AA and Adverb: A Case Study

4.3.4 Words with Only One Class of AA: A Case Study

4.3.5 Discussion

4.4 Summary

Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 Major Findings and Implications of the Research

5.2 Limitations of the Research and Suggestions for Further Studies

References

Appendix

《现代汉语词典》第5版属性词标注实证研究

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