归化与异化翻译中的文化因素

论文摘要

归化异化研究是翻译领域一个常见的话题。翻译界普遍认为归化异化是处理翻译中的文化问题的两种主要策略,但是在具体的翻译过程中,针对具体问题究竟该采用异化还是归化策略,或者是否该将二者结合,如若是,又该如何结合却是一个久而未决,常辨常新的话题。归化异化之争旷日持久,以该侧重归化策略还是该倾向异化策略为争论焦点形成不同的派别。支持归化翻译策略的学者以奈达为主要代表,他提出了功能对等理论和读者中心论,认为翻译成功与否必须由读者去检验,好的译文要满足读者的要求;异化翻译的代表则是韦努提,他反对归化策略,提出了“阻抗式翻译”理论,将翻译提升到政治、文化、诗学的角度,提倡异化。历史上的归化异化之争的核心在于归化和异化到底哪个更好,翻译过程中应该采取哪种翻译策略的问题。许多翻译理论家片面强调其中一种策略而忽视或否定另外一种策略的积极作用。这样,在翻译过程中,译者就会感到迷惑,究竟应该在什么情况下,依据什么原则来选择何种翻译策略?许多译者也不清楚应该如何根据不同的情况,充分发挥两种策略的有利因素。由于原语文化和目的语文化之间的巨大差异,译者在过程中必然会面临两难选择,因而一篇译作也必然会出现归化或异化的倾向。可以说,归化异化之争始终处于翻译研究的重要位置。本文以翻译过程中文化因素的研究为切入点,通过选择一些实践的例子说明二者的互补性,同时通过分析影响译者翻译策略选择的一些因素,指出译者对于归化和异化翻译策略的合理态度:归化在语言层面进行解释说明,异化在文化交流层面发挥主要作用。翻译归根到底是一种文化交际活动,因此社会政治环境、译者的目的、文本的类型等因素在选择翻译策略的过程中起着决定性的作用。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Language, Culture and Translation
• 1.1 Definition of Culture
• 1.2 Language and Culture
• 1.3 Translation and Culture
• 1.3.1 The nature of Translation
• 1.3.2 The Relationship between Language, Translation and Culture
• Chapter 2 Introduction of Domestification and Foreignization
• 2.1 Domestification and Its Theoretical Basis
• 2.1.1 Definition of Domestification
• 2.1.2 Theoretical Basis of Domestification
• 2.2 Foreignization and Its Theoretical Basis
• Chapter 3 Disputes Over Domestification and Foreignization
• 3.1 Aspects of the Disputes
• 3.1.1 Disputes over the Terms
• 3.1.2 Disputes over the Attitude
• 3.1.3 Disputes over the Application of the Two Strategies
• 3.1.4 Disputes over “Methods or Strategies”
• 3.1.5 The Focus of the Disputes
• 3.2 Disputes over Domestification and Foreignization in History
• 3.2.1 Disputes over Domestification Versus Foreignization in China
• 3.2.2 Disputes over Domestification Versus Foreignization in the West
• 3.3 Reasons for the Continuous Disputes
• Chapter 4 A Cultural Perspective on Domestification and Foreignization
• 4.1 A Cultural Perspective on Domestification and Foreignization
• 4.1.1 Feasibility of Translation Across Cultures
• 4.1.2 Difficulties in Translation Across Cultures
• 4.2 The Effect of the Two Strategies in Intercultural Communication
• 4.2.1 The Effect of Domestification in Intercultural Communication
• 4.2.2 The Effect of Foreignization in Intercultural Communication
• 4.2.3 Summary
• 4.3 Factors Influencing the Translator’s Choice
• 4.3.1 Translation Purpose
• 4.3.2 Types of the Source Text
• 4.3.3 Translator’s Attitude
• 4.3.4 Readers’Acceptability of TT
• Chapter 5 Realization of the Preferred Strategies
• 5.1 Relationship between Domestification and Foreignization: Contradiction and Unity
• 5.2 Different Treatment on Linguistic and Cultural Elements
• 5.2.1 Treatment on Linguistic Elements
• 5.2.2 Treatment on Cultural Elements
• 5.3 The Degree of Domestification and Foreignization
• 5.4 Devices for the Strategies
• 5.4.1 Literal Translation
• 5.4.2 Literal Translation plus Explanation
• 5.4.3 Paraphrasing Translation
• 5.4.4 Equivalent Translation
• 5.4.5 Transliteration and Transliteration plus Explanation
• Conclusion
• References
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• 个人简历
• 发表的学术论文
• 攻读学位期间发表论文情况