奥斯丁小说中反讽误解的语用解读

论文摘要

本文主要运用关联理论和顺应理论从语用学的角度对误解反讽这一现象进行分析。作为误解现象的一种,对他人反讽产生误解总是被研究者所忽略,仅把它看作是反讽语言层面误解导致的后果,但这并不总是理所当然的。为了探究会话过程中产生的这一现象,本文以简·奥斯丁的小说为语料进行分析,寻求误解反讽产生的原因及其在对话中所导致的后果,同时也更好地理解、欣赏奥斯丁的作品。本文的论述主要分为两大部分。第一部分为论文的前两章,主要提供一个属于自己的对误解反讽进行描述和解释的框架。第一章从误解的定义入手,首先回顾了以往对误解及反讽这两种语言现象的研究成果。由于前人对反讽误解这一现象较少关注,这为本文的研究提供了可能。第二章阐释了全文的理论基础,包括合作原则、关联理论及顺应理论,并在此基础上搭建了研究的理论框架。误解反讽应该是多因素产生的结果,这包括说话者选择反讽的意图,听话者对话语中最大关联的错误判断,以及听话者根据自身的情感因素和社交地位等所做的顺应性选择。文章的第二部分包括论文的后两章,对奥斯丁小说中误解反讽的例子进行具体分析。第三章描述了本文的研究方法和语料收集。选择奥斯丁小说中的对话作为语料,是因为她的小说久负盛名,最为人称道的当然是她对反讽这一手法的熟练驾驭,及小说中人物语言的高度真实性。根据误解的定义和Thomas的分类,她的小说中自然不乏误解反讽的例子。第四章对所收集的语料进行定性分析。反讽作为一种语言策略,说话者是因何目的选择它,从而使听话者误解了其中的真正意图;听话者作为误解的执行者,他们的误解又是由哪些因素引起的;这些都是这一部分分析的重点。在分析的基础上,本文还将探讨奥斯丁通过误解反讽的例子塑造了哪些人物,这些人物具有怎样的性格特征,通过这种写作手法达到什么效果等,以便读者更好地了解奥斯丁的写作特点。本文通过对奥斯丁作品中误解反讽行为的初步语用分析,在一定程度上补充了对相关理论的研究,特别是例证了顺应理论在文学作品赏析中的应用,丰富了对奥斯丁及其作品的进一步了解与欣赏,同时也希望能引发更多的相关研究,加强对文学语用学的探索。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• 1. The rationale of the study
• 2. The objectives of the study
• Chapter One Literature Review
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 The definition of misunderstanding
• 1.2.1 Definitions by scholars from abroad
• 1.2.2 Definitions by scholars at home
• 1.3 The classification of misunderstanding
• 1.3.1 Wang Xijie's classification
• 1.3.2 Thomas's classification
• 1.4 Misunderstanding of verbal irony
• 1.4.1 Definition of verbal irony
• 1.4.2 Features of verbal irony
• 1.4.3 Why do people use irony?
• 1.4.4 Misunderstanding of verbal irony
• 1.5 Previous researches
• 1.5.1 Studies on irony
• 1.5.2 Studies on misunderstanding
• 1.6 Summary
• Chapter Two Theoretical Framework of the Study
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Principles of utterance understanding
• 2.2.1 The Cooperative Principles
• 2.2.2 Relevance Theory
• 2.2.3 Adaptation Theory
• 2.3 The theoretical framework of the present study
• 2.3.1 Verbal irony as a violation of the Cooperative Principle and a relevance-adaptation
• 2.3.2 Misunderstanding verbal irony as a possible result under certain context
• 2.3.2.1 Misunderstanding as one of the results of violating maxims
• 2.3.2.2 Misunderstanding as a type of relevance
• 2.3.2.3 Misunderstanding as a possible product o fadaptation
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter Three Research Methodology and Data Collection
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The methodology in the present study
• 3.3 Description of data
• 3.3.1 The introduction of Jane Austen's works
• 3.3.1.1 The brief introduction of Jane Austen's stories
• 3.3.1.2 The main feature of Austen's writing style—irony
• 3.3.2 Reasons for choosing Jane Austen's series
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four Data Analysis
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The misunderstanding of irony in Austen's works
• 4.2.1 The identification of misunderstandings
• 4.2.2 Misunderstanding different functions of verbal irony
• 4.2.2.1 Misunderstanding speaker's negative attitude
• 4.2.2.2 Misunderstanding the irony of maintaining politeness
• 4.2.3 Misunderstanding caused by different factors
• 4.2.3.1 Misunderstanding caused by different personalities
• 4.2.3.2 Misunderstanding caused by one's emotions
• 4.2.3.3 Misunderstanding caused by different beliefs
• 4.2.3.4 Misunderstanding caused by one's wishes
• 4.2.3.5 Misunderstanding caused by different social status
• 4.3 The appreciation of Austen's writing
• 4.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• 1. Summary of the findings
• 2. Limitation of the present study
• 3. Suggestions for further study
• Works Cited
• Acknowledgements