英语过去时态多义性的认知与语用研究

英语过去时态多义性的认知与语用研究

论文摘要

英语动词过去时态是国内外学者研究较多的语法内容之一,历来备受重视。长期以来,语法界普遍认为,过去时态的意义是指过去时间,它所指的时间与动作状态发生的时间存在对应关系。但是该定义不能解释过去时态多义性的语法现象,因为它把过去时态的研究局限在一维的时间平面上,结果过去时态不同语义的情景错综复杂地排列在同一个时间平面上,增加了对过去时态多义性的解释和学习的难度。本文以秦裕祥教授关于过去时的观点为基础,用原型范畴理论研究了英语过去时态语义的多义性。本文认为,过去时态是一个原型范畴,其原型意义是客观性距离时间关系,是动作状态和参照时点之间具有真实时间距离的时间关系,这种时间关系存于客观动作状态与其参照时点之间;过去时态的非原型意义是主观性距离时间关系,是动作状态和参照时点之间具有想象时间距离的时间关系,这种时间关系存于主观动作状态与其参照时点之间。文章分析了过去时态原型意义和非原型意义的相互关系以及各自在过去时态这一语法范畴中的不同地位,继而用概念整合理论分析并揭示了过去时态由原型意义向非原型意义的扩展机制,这一扩展过程不但反映了人的认知过程也真实地反映了英语语言的运作规律。文章指出,过去时态由原型意义向非原型意义扩展的动因是主观性,是说话者为生成主观性话语而扩展性地使用过去时态。本文还以会话含义理论为指导,从语用的角度分析了过去时态多义性的语用功能。文章认为,人们在交际中通过运用过去时态的多义性,有意违反合作原则,其结果使过去时态具有了表达含蓄愿望、委婉语气和间接告诫等言外之意的语用功能。本文从认知和语用的角度来解释过去时态的多义性,这种研究有助于进一步解释过去时态理论和语言事实之间的矛盾,有助于英语学习者更好地掌握英语过去时态的本质,并利用过去时态的多义性去更好地用英语进行交际。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Introduction
  • 0.1 Background of the Study
  • 0.2 Goals of the Study
  • 0.3 Layout of the Thesis
  • Chapter One Literature Review
  • 1.1 Previous Studies on the Past Tense
  • 1.1.1 Studies on the Past Tense as a Verb Form Expressing Time
  • 1.1.2 Studies on the Past Tense as a Verb Form Expressing Time Relation
  • 1.2 Comments on the Previous Studies on the Past Tense
  • 1.2.1 Comments on the "Time" View
  • 1.2.2 Comments on the "Time Relation" View
  • 1.3 Summary
  • Chapter Two Theoretical Foundation
  • 2.1 The Prototype Theory
  • 2.2 Image Schema
  • 2.3 Conceptual Blending Theory
  • 2.4 The Theory of Conversational Implicature
  • 2.5 Summary
  • Chapter Three A Cognitive Study of the Polysemy of the Past Tense
  • 3.1 The Past Tense as a Prototype Category
  • 3.1.1 The Prototype of the Past Tense
  • 3.1.2 The Non-Prototypes of the Past Tense
  • 3.1.3 Relations Between the Prototype and the Non-Prototypes of the Past Tense Category
  • 3.2 The Extension of The Past Tense from the Prototype to the Non-Prototypes
  • 3.2.1 The Motivation of the Extension
  • 3.2.1.1 To Realize Speaker'S Perspective
  • 3.2.1.2 To Realize Speaker'S Affects
  • 3.2.1.3 To Realize Speaker'S Modality
  • 3.2.2 The Mechanism of the Extension
  • 3.2.2.1 Conceptual Blending and the English Tense
  • 3.2.2.2 Conceptual Blending and the Past Tense
  • 3.3 Summary
  • Chapter Four A Pragmatic Study of the Polysemy of the Past Tense
  • 4.1 Objective Time Relations of Distance and Their Conversational Implicatures
  • 4.2 Subjective Time Relations of Distance and Their Conversational Implicatures
  • 4.2.1 To Express Hypotheses
  • 4.2.2 To Express Politeness
  • 4.2.3 To Express Indirect Warnings
  • 4.3 Summary
  • Conclusion
  • 1. Work Done in the Thesis
  • 2. Findings of the Study
  • 3. Limitations of the Study
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
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    英语过去时态多义性的认知与语用研究
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