本文主要研究内容
作者江周（2019）在《桑枝肥料化利用提升喀斯特桑园土壤肥力初探》一文中研究指出：桑枝是一类木质素含量高的农业废弃物资源,目前其肥料化利用方式是直接还田,但因其木质素含量高且碳氮比高,其降解缓慢,桑园肥力补充效果不明显。桑树是多年生叶用植物,目前由于不合理施肥导致喀斯特桑园土壤肥力下降、环境恶化,进而导致桑叶减产。本研究设置桑枝堆肥试验(5个处理:桑枝碎料与猪粪堆肥,桑枝碎料与猪粪、降解菌堆肥,桑枝碎料与猪粪、桑园土壤堆肥,桑枝碎料与羊粪堆肥,桑枝碎料与尿素堆肥)及其腐熟后肥料施入桑园的田间施肥试验(5个处理:桑枝猪粪肥料、桑枝猪粪降解菌肥料、桑枝羊粪肥料、NPK化肥以及不施肥),前者探究桑枝降解的主要微生物区系,后者探究桑枝肥料化用于提升桑园土壤肥力的可行性(从土壤养分有效性、桑叶产量及养分流失角度)。本研究对于有效提高喀斯特桑园土壤肥力具有较大的理论与实践意义。主要研究结果如下:(1)桑枝堆肥(除尿素处理外)堆肥体积明显减少,堆肥初期恶臭味至后期臭味减散,同时桑枝表层存在明显疏松表孔,从外观、C/N等指标均达到腐熟标准。尽管不同堆肥处理终点时微生物区系存在差异,具体表现为细菌主要优势属分别为:桑枝猪粪处理芽孢杆菌、棒状杆菌科;桑枝猪粪降解菌处理理研菌科、纤维杆菌;桑枝猪粪桑土处理八叠球菌、单胞菌属;桑枝羊粪处理假单胞菌、血杆菌属、节细菌属;真菌主要优势属为:桑枝猪粪处理隔孢伏革属、枝孢属、茎点霉属,桑枝猪粪降解菌处理Solicoccozyma菌、热子囊菌属,桑枝猪粪桑土处理假霉样真菌属、木霉属,桑枝羊粪处理镰刀菌素、裂褶菌属,但各处理与桑枝降解有关的共有优势门有厚壁菌门(占比7.57%~84.95%)、变形菌门(占比2.02%~30.48%)、放线菌(占比2.03%~24.43%),优势属有假单胞菌、节杆菌。同时,养分检测表明桑枝羊粪混合堆肥效果较好。(2)施加有机肥能有效提高桑园速效养分,其中以桑枝羊粪肥料施肥效果最佳。施肥处理能改变土壤微生物种类与数量,改善土壤微生物群落结构,具体表现为,未施肥前土壤在属水平上细菌优势物种主要有梭菌属、地杆菌属,施肥后空白土壤有慢生根瘤菌、地杆菌属、高温放线菌属,桑枝猪粪施肥处理有黄杆菌属、假单胞菌,桑枝猪粪降解菌施肥处理有罗河杆菌属、Micropepsis菌,桑枝羊粪处理厌氧粘细菌,NPK处理鲸杆菌属、Acidibacter菌;未施肥前土壤在属水平上的真菌优势物种主要有Gibellulopsis菌、枝孢属,施肥后对照处理土壤主要有Phaeosphaeriopsis、Mortierellomycota菌;桑枝猪粪施肥处理有Saitozyma菌、Hannaella菌、葡萄孢属,桑枝猪粪降解菌施肥处理有Microdiplodia菌、Bo othiomyces菌,桑枝羊粪处理有Pseudorobillarda菌、Septoriella菌,NPK处理有Lecanicillium菌、Cyphellophora菌。在微生物多样性指数方面,施肥处理相比于空白对照处理,各指数均低于空白处理;CCA分析得出速效磷是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主效环境因子。(3)与单施化肥相比,各施加桑枝堆肥有机肥处理对桑园桑叶产量增幅分别为-4.12%、-5.48%以及0.47%,说明短期施加桑枝有机肥对桑园桑叶产量影响不大,但施加有机肥能明显提高桑叶养分,综合产量以及桑叶养分,桑枝羊粪有机肥处理效果较好。施用有机肥处理能减少喀斯特桑园土壤淋溶水量,但桑园土壤淋溶水养分流失量与短期施肥处理无显著相关性。不同施肥处理对桑园土壤地表径流水总量影响不大,但桑园土壤径流水养分流失量与短期施肥处理有关。总之,短期施用有机肥能有效减少喀斯特桑园氮素流失,但会加重磷素和钾素流失。本研究初步证实,利用桑枝与养殖粪污合理堆肥并用于提升桑园土壤肥力是可行的,但甄别快速降解桑枝木质素的微生物区系及桑枝肥料化长期施肥后效验证需要进一步研究。
Abstract
sang zhi shi yi lei mu zhi su han liang gao de nong ye fei qi wu zi yuan ,mu qian ji fei liao hua li yong fang shi shi zhi jie hai tian ,dan yin ji mu zhi su han liang gao ju tan dan bi gao ,ji jiang jie huan man ,sang yuan fei li bu chong xiao guo bu ming xian 。sang shu shi duo nian sheng xie yong zhi wu ,mu qian you yu bu ge li shi fei dao zhi ka si te sang yuan tu rang fei li xia jiang 、huan jing e hua ,jin er dao zhi sang xie jian chan 。ben yan jiu she zhi sang zhi dui fei shi yan (5ge chu li :sang zhi sui liao yu zhu fen dui fei ,sang zhi sui liao yu zhu fen 、jiang jie jun dui fei ,sang zhi sui liao yu zhu fen 、sang yuan tu rang dui fei ,sang zhi sui liao yu yang fen dui fei ,sang zhi sui liao yu niao su dui fei )ji ji fu shou hou fei liao shi ru sang yuan de tian jian shi fei shi yan (5ge chu li :sang zhi zhu fen fei liao 、sang zhi zhu fen jiang jie jun fei liao 、sang zhi yang fen fei liao 、NPKhua fei yi ji bu shi fei ),qian zhe tan jiu sang zhi jiang jie de zhu yao wei sheng wu ou ji ,hou zhe tan jiu sang zhi fei liao hua yong yu di sheng sang yuan tu rang fei li de ke hang xing (cong tu rang yang fen you xiao xing 、sang xie chan liang ji yang fen liu shi jiao du )。ben yan jiu dui yu you xiao di gao ka si te sang yuan tu rang fei li ju you jiao da de li lun yu shi jian yi yi 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)sang zhi dui fei (chu niao su chu li wai )dui fei ti ji ming xian jian shao ,dui fei chu ji e chou wei zhi hou ji chou wei jian san ,tong shi sang zhi biao ceng cun zai ming xian shu song biao kong ,cong wai guan 、C/Ndeng zhi biao jun da dao fu shou biao zhun 。jin guan bu tong dui fei chu li zhong dian shi wei sheng wu ou ji cun zai cha yi ,ju ti biao xian wei xi jun zhu yao you shi shu fen bie wei :sang zhi zhu fen chu li ya bao gan jun 、bang zhuang gan jun ke ;sang zhi zhu fen jiang jie jun chu li li yan jun ke 、qian wei gan jun ;sang zhi zhu fen sang tu chu li ba die qiu jun 、chan bao jun shu ;sang zhi yang fen chu li jia chan bao jun 、xie gan jun shu 、jie xi jun shu ;zhen jun zhu yao you shi shu wei :sang zhi zhu fen chu li ge bao fu ge shu 、zhi bao shu 、jing dian mei shu ,sang zhi zhu fen jiang jie jun chu li Solicoccozymajun 、re zi nang jun shu ,sang zhi zhu fen sang tu chu li jia mei yang zhen jun shu 、mu mei shu ,sang zhi yang fen chu li lian dao jun su 、lie zhe jun shu ,dan ge chu li yu sang zhi jiang jie you guan de gong you you shi men you hou bi jun men (zhan bi 7.57%~84.95%)、bian xing jun men (zhan bi 2.02%~30.48%)、fang xian jun (zhan bi 2.03%~24.43%),you shi shu you jia chan bao jun 、jie gan jun 。tong shi ,yang fen jian ce biao ming sang zhi yang fen hun ge dui fei xiao guo jiao hao 。(2)shi jia you ji fei neng you xiao di gao sang yuan su xiao yang fen ,ji zhong yi sang zhi yang fen fei liao shi fei xiao guo zui jia 。shi fei chu li neng gai bian tu rang wei sheng wu chong lei yu shu liang ,gai shan tu rang wei sheng wu qun la jie gou ,ju ti biao xian wei ,wei shi fei qian tu rang zai shu shui ping shang xi jun you shi wu chong zhu yao you suo jun shu 、de gan jun shu ,shi fei hou kong bai tu rang you man sheng gen liu jun 、de gan jun shu 、gao wen fang xian jun shu ,sang zhi zhu fen shi fei chu li you huang gan jun shu 、jia chan bao jun ,sang zhi zhu fen jiang jie jun shi fei chu li you luo he gan jun shu 、Micropepsisjun ,sang zhi yang fen chu li ya yang nian xi jun ,NPKchu li jing gan jun shu 、Acidibacterjun ;wei shi fei qian tu rang zai shu shui ping shang de zhen jun you shi wu chong zhu yao you Gibellulopsisjun 、zhi bao shu ,shi fei hou dui zhao chu li tu rang zhu yao you Phaeosphaeriopsis、Mortierellomycotajun ;sang zhi zhu fen shi fei chu li you Saitozymajun 、Hannaellajun 、pu tao bao shu ,sang zhi zhu fen jiang jie jun shi fei chu li you Microdiplodiajun 、Bo othiomycesjun ,sang zhi yang fen chu li you Pseudorobillardajun 、Septoriellajun ,NPKchu li you Lecanicilliumjun 、Cyphellophorajun 。zai wei sheng wu duo yang xing zhi shu fang mian ,shi fei chu li xiang bi yu kong bai dui zhao chu li ,ge zhi shu jun di yu kong bai chu li ;CCAfen xi de chu su xiao lin shi ying xiang tu rang wei sheng wu qun la jie gou de zhu xiao huan jing yin zi 。(3)yu chan shi hua fei xiang bi ,ge shi jia sang zhi dui fei you ji fei chu li dui sang yuan sang xie chan liang zeng fu fen bie wei -4.12%、-5.48%yi ji 0.47%,shui ming duan ji shi jia sang zhi you ji fei dui sang yuan sang xie chan liang ying xiang bu da ,dan shi jia you ji fei neng ming xian di gao sang xie yang fen ,zeng ge chan liang yi ji sang xie yang fen ,sang zhi yang fen you ji fei chu li xiao guo jiao hao 。shi yong you ji fei chu li neng jian shao ka si te sang yuan tu rang lin rong shui liang ,dan sang yuan tu rang lin rong shui yang fen liu shi liang yu duan ji shi fei chu li mo xian zhe xiang guan xing 。bu tong shi fei chu li dui sang yuan tu rang de biao jing liu shui zong liang ying xiang bu da ,dan sang yuan tu rang jing liu shui yang fen liu shi liang yu duan ji shi fei chu li you guan 。zong zhi ,duan ji shi yong you ji fei neng you xiao jian shao ka si te sang yuan dan su liu shi ,dan hui jia chong lin su he jia su liu shi 。ben yan jiu chu bu zheng shi ,li yong sang zhi yu yang shi fen wu ge li dui fei bing yong yu di sheng sang yuan tu rang fei li shi ke hang de ,dan zhen bie kuai su jiang jie sang zhi mu zhi su de wei sheng wu ou ji ji sang zhi fei liao hua chang ji shi fei hou xiao yan zheng xu yao jin yi bu yan jiu 。
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论文作者分别是来自广西师范大学的江周，发表于刊物广西师范大学2019-07-18论文，是一篇关于桑枝论文,堆肥论文,养殖粪污论文,土壤微生物论文,土壤肥力论文,广西师范大学2019-07-18论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自广西师范大学2019-07-18论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。