会话中的言语转述与互动话语角色

论文摘要

本文从话语角色和会话分析相结合的角度对会话中的言语转述现象进行系统研究。研究的语料收集自18部现代汉语戏剧文本的共461个言语转述的实例。与以往研究不同,本项研究把言语转述定义为一种行为和过程,打破了传统引语研究中引语和引语转述者之间的研究屏障。主要研究目的是揭示和阐释言‘语转述过程中各种话语角色之间的互动关系。本文分为以下几个部分:第一,大体上沿用Thomas(1991)对生产型话语角色的分类,指出言语转述引起说话人从“无标记”话语角色(说话人)向“有标记”话语角色(传声简、代言人、传递者)转换,但不是促成此转换的唯一手段。我们首先确定了言语转述中的作者角色,并以信息导入语和说话人的社会角色为标准区分了三种“有标记”的生产者角色。第二,为了更全面揭示角色间的互动关系,我们运用了会话分析手段考察会话中的言语转述,对会话中激发言语转述产生的条件和结构特征作了系统描述和分类。言语转述可由听话人、听话人(同时又是作者)和说话人这三个角色引发,其中说话人主动引发的实例占了绝大多数。另外还探究了信息和信息导入语在会话结构中的相对位置,再次证明了说话人和听话人共同构建了言语转述的会话结构。第三,论文从语用角度分析由说话人主动发起的言语转述,研究发现有意的言语转述有着各种功能。为达到不同的言语转述目的,说话人利用听话人和作者的关系作为策略,包括利用作者高于听话人的权力,使作者角色和听话人角色重合,模仿作者说话这三种方式。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• Abstract（Chinese）
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Language Reporting and Speech Reporting
• 1.1.1 Language reporting
• 1.1.2 Toward a definition of speech reporting
• 1.2 A Brief Literature Review
• 1.2.1 Kinds of reported speech
• 1.2.2 Linguistic approaches to reported speech
• 1.2.3 Pragmatic approaches to speech reporting
• 1.2.4 Speech reporting in discourse
• 1.3 General Aims of the Current Research
• 1.4 Data Used for Analysis
• 1.5 Summary
• Chapter Two Discourse Roles in Speech Reporting
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Role Relations in Discourse
• 2.2.1 Producer roles & receiver roles
• 2.2.2 Discourse roles in speech reporting
• 2.3 Identifying the Role of Author
• 2.3.1 Author in the message-introducer
• 2.3.1.1 Individual as an author
• 2.3.1.2 Institution as an author
• 2.3.1.3 Non-human as an author
• 2.3.1.4 Community
• 2.3.2 Absence of the author role in the message-introducer
• 2.3.3 Imaginary author
• 2.3.3.1 A potential author
• 2.3.3.2 An author unable to talk
• 2.3.3.3 Role-play
• 2.4 Marked Roles in Speech Reporting
• 2.4.1 Mouthpiece
• 2.4.2 Spokesperson
• 2.4.3 Reporter
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter Three Conversational Structures of Speech Reporting
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Types of Initiation
• 3.2.1 Reporting invited by the hearer
• 3.2.2 Reporting invited by the Hearer-author
• 3.2.3 Self-initiation
• 3.3 Presenting Message and Message-introducer in Conversation
• 3.3.1 Message and message-introducer in the same turn
• 3.3.2 Message and Message-introducer in the separate turns
• 3.3.2.1 Hearer's denying the truth of the message
• 3.3.2.2 Hearer's questioning the identity of the author
• 3.3.2.3 Hearer's resisting the speech reporting
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four Speaker's Strategies in Self-initiated Speech Reporting
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Communicative Functions of Speech Reporting
• 4.2.1 Speech reporting for evidence
• 4.2.2 Speech reporting for persuasion
• 4.2.3 Speech reporting for reducing responsibility
• 4.3 Speaker's Strategies of Manipulating Author and Hearer Relationship
• 4.3.1 Manipulating the author's power over the hearer
• 4.3.2 The overlapping roles of author and hearer
• 4.3.3 Ventriloquizing —imitating the way the author speaks
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary of Major Findings
• 5.2 Limitations of This Study
• 5.3 Suggestions for Further Studies
• Appendix
• Bibliography