本文主要研究内容
作者宋莫凡（2019）在《荞麦种间可杂交性及品种间杂种F1产量与性状优势分析》一文中研究指出：栽培甜荞具有花柱异型的特点,在自然条件下自交不亲和,因此大大限制了栽培甜荞的产量。野生甜荞和苦荞为等花柱型荞麦,具有自交结实的特点。如果能通过杂交将野生甜荞和苦荞中的等花柱自交可育基因导入到栽培甜荞中,就能够大大提升栽培甜荞的产量。然而野生甜荞和苦荞为甜荞的远缘种,种间杂交由于亲本间的不亲和性等诸多原因,导致花粉管不能正常生长或杂种胚败育等障碍。本试验通过进行不同组合的栽培甜荞与野生荞麦及苦荞的种间杂交,观察结实率,选择出可杂交性强的杂交组合;通过荧光显微观察受精过程中花粉管的生长动态,探索荞麦种间杂交不亲和的机理;通过对杂交子房的离体培养,对即将夭亡的杂种胚进行胚拯救,并探索出合适的荞麦杂种胚胚拯救技术体系;同时,还对栽培甜荞品种间的杂种优势进行研究。研究旨在探讨荞麦远缘杂交的授粉结实机制、远缘杂交胚拯救技术以及杂种优势利用。研究得出以下结果:(1)44个杂交组合中只有定甜荞1号(长、短)×野生甜荞、北早生(长)×野生甜荞和TQ12-08(长)×野生甜荞4个杂交组合存在结实情况,占比9.1%,杂交结实率在11.8%-36.3%之间。其余组合均不能结实,能够结实的4个组合其父本都是野生甜荞,可以判断以栽培甜荞作为母本,以野生甜荞作为父本可能具有最强的可杂交性;重复授粉对栽培甜荞与野生甜荞的杂交授粉结实性的提高具有一定作用,但因组合而异。(2)以栽培甜荞为母本,以野生甜荞作父本的杂交组合杂交时,授粉后花粉管能够正常伸长并进入到胚囊内完成受精;其他苦荞材料作父本授粉后花粉管萌发后不久就会被抑制生长,只能延伸到大约花柱的1/3-1/2的位置。以栽培甜荞为母本,野生甜荞作父本时,虽然花粉管都能正常生长到胚囊内,但与不同母本间结实情况不同,表明荞麦远缘杂交具有受精前和受精后的不亲和性。不同的授粉方式中以栽培甜荞为母本,以苦荞(野生种或栽培种)为父本,重复授粉与授粉后1h用2,4-D处理柱头这两种方式作用不明显,花粉管没有更进一步生长;授粉前1h用2,4-D溶液处理柱头的方式能够使花粉管生长的更长,但依然不足以使花粉管伸长进入胚囊完成受精。(3)种间杂交后得到的杂种胚大多数都会夭亡,对即将夭亡的杂种胚进行胚拯救,最适宜的取外植体子房的时间为授粉后8d,最适宜的培养基成分为:MS+6.0mg/L6-BA+1.0mg/L IAA+3.0%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;将定甜荞1号×野生甜荞杂交得到的杂种F1种子进行种植,成熟期观察植株形态及花器特征后,可以判定其为真杂种植株。(4)12个自交-杂交混合种(F1)在株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝、单株花簇数、千粒重等经济性状优势表现不同,相比较在一级分枝和千粒重性状上优势较大。在综合比较经济性状及产量表现后,选出西农9978×北早生、西农9976×北早生、TQ11-6×定甜荞1号、定甜荞1号×西农9978四个组合为强优势杂交组合。
Abstract
zai pei tian qiao ju you hua zhu yi xing de te dian ,zai zi ran tiao jian xia zi jiao bu qin he ,yin ci da da xian zhi le zai pei tian qiao de chan liang 。ye sheng tian qiao he ku qiao wei deng hua zhu xing qiao mai ,ju you zi jiao jie shi de te dian 。ru guo neng tong guo za jiao jiang ye sheng tian qiao he ku qiao zhong de deng hua zhu zi jiao ke yo ji yin dao ru dao zai pei tian qiao zhong ,jiu neng gou da da di sheng zai pei tian qiao de chan liang 。ran er ye sheng tian qiao he ku qiao wei tian qiao de yuan yuan chong ,chong jian za jiao you yu qin ben jian de bu qin he xing deng zhu duo yuan yin ,dao zhi hua fen guan bu neng zheng chang sheng chang huo za chong pei bai yo deng zhang ai 。ben shi yan tong guo jin hang bu tong zu ge de zai pei tian qiao yu ye sheng qiao mai ji ku qiao de chong jian za jiao ,guan cha jie shi lv ,shua ze chu ke za jiao xing jiang de za jiao zu ge ;tong guo ying guang xian wei guan cha shou jing guo cheng zhong hua fen guan de sheng chang dong tai ,tan suo qiao mai chong jian za jiao bu qin he de ji li ;tong guo dui za jiao zi fang de li ti pei yang ,dui ji jiang wai wang de za chong pei jin hang pei zheng jiu ,bing tan suo chu ge kuo de qiao mai za chong pei pei zheng jiu ji shu ti ji ;tong shi ,hai dui zai pei tian qiao pin chong jian de za chong you shi jin hang yan jiu 。yan jiu zhi zai tan tao qiao mai yuan yuan za jiao de shou fen jie shi ji zhi 、yuan yuan za jiao pei zheng jiu ji shu yi ji za chong you shi li yong 。yan jiu de chu yi xia jie guo :(1)44ge za jiao zu ge zhong zhi you ding tian qiao 1hao (chang 、duan )×ye sheng tian qiao 、bei zao sheng (chang )×ye sheng tian qiao he TQ12-08(chang )×ye sheng tian qiao 4ge za jiao zu ge cun zai jie shi qing kuang ,zhan bi 9.1%,za jiao jie shi lv zai 11.8%-36.3%zhi jian 。ji yu zu ge jun bu neng jie shi ,neng gou jie shi de 4ge zu ge ji fu ben dou shi ye sheng tian qiao ,ke yi pan duan yi zai pei tian qiao zuo wei mu ben ,yi ye sheng tian qiao zuo wei fu ben ke neng ju you zui jiang de ke za jiao xing ;chong fu shou fen dui zai pei tian qiao yu ye sheng tian qiao de za jiao shou fen jie shi xing de di gao ju you yi ding zuo yong ,dan yin zu ge er yi 。(2)yi zai pei tian qiao wei mu ben ,yi ye sheng tian qiao zuo fu ben de za jiao zu ge za jiao shi ,shou fen hou hua fen guan neng gou zheng chang shen chang bing jin ru dao pei nang nei wan cheng shou jing ;ji ta ku qiao cai liao zuo fu ben shou fen hou hua fen guan meng fa hou bu jiu jiu hui bei yi zhi sheng chang ,zhi neng yan shen dao da yao hua zhu de 1/3-1/2de wei zhi 。yi zai pei tian qiao wei mu ben ,ye sheng tian qiao zuo fu ben shi ,sui ran hua fen guan dou neng zheng chang sheng chang dao pei nang nei ,dan yu bu tong mu ben jian jie shi qing kuang bu tong ,biao ming qiao mai yuan yuan za jiao ju you shou jing qian he shou jing hou de bu qin he xing 。bu tong de shou fen fang shi zhong yi zai pei tian qiao wei mu ben ,yi ku qiao (ye sheng chong huo zai pei chong )wei fu ben ,chong fu shou fen yu shou fen hou 1hyong 2,4-Dchu li zhu tou zhe liang chong fang shi zuo yong bu ming xian ,hua fen guan mei you geng jin yi bu sheng chang ;shou fen qian 1hyong 2,4-Drong ye chu li zhu tou de fang shi neng gou shi hua fen guan sheng chang de geng chang ,dan yi ran bu zu yi shi hua fen guan shen chang jin ru pei nang wan cheng shou jing 。(3)chong jian za jiao hou de dao de za chong pei da duo shu dou hui wai wang ,dui ji jiang wai wang de za chong pei jin hang pei zheng jiu ,zui kuo yi de qu wai zhi ti zi fang de shi jian wei shou fen hou 8d,zui kuo yi de pei yang ji cheng fen wei :MS+6.0mg/L6-BA+1.0mg/L IAA+3.0%zhe tang +0.7%qiong zhi ;jiang ding tian qiao 1hao ×ye sheng tian qiao za jiao de dao de za chong F1chong zi jin hang chong zhi ,cheng shou ji guan cha zhi zhu xing tai ji hua qi te zheng hou ,ke yi pan ding ji wei zhen za chong zhi zhu 。(4)12ge zi jiao -za jiao hun ge chong (F1)zai zhu gao 、zhu jing jie shu 、zhu jing fen zhi 、chan zhu hua cu shu 、qian li chong deng jing ji xing zhuang you shi biao xian bu tong ,xiang bi jiao zai yi ji fen zhi he qian li chong xing zhuang shang you shi jiao da 。zai zeng ge bi jiao jing ji xing zhuang ji chan liang biao xian hou ,shua chu xi nong 9978×bei zao sheng 、xi nong 9976×bei zao sheng 、TQ11-6×ding tian qiao 1hao 、ding tian qiao 1hao ×xi nong 9978si ge zu ge wei jiang you shi za jiao zu ge 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西北农林科技大学的宋莫凡，发表于刊物西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文，是一篇关于荞麦论文,种间杂交论文,胚拯救论文,杂种优势论文,西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：荞麦论文; 种间杂交论文; 胚拯救论文; 杂种优势论文; 西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文;