中英征婚广告的文化对比研究

论文摘要

征婚广告是指男人和女人通过广告来找到自己伴侣的一种方式,也是人们体现婚姻观的一种渠道。因为择偶过程会牵涉到综合性的社会因素,所以征婚广告一向被称为社会文化、价值取向的“晴雨表”。本研究将有助于人们了解中国人和英国人的择偶区别。而且,也对社会语言学和社会文化提供了相关的研究成果。本文通过分析征婚广告来找出中英之间的文化差异。本文采用随机采样的方式抽取320份20到40岁之间的未婚中国人和英国人的征婚广告作为调研的文本。作者使用文本分析作为主要途径并辅助定量分析的方法来阐明征婚广告的内容。征婚广告的内容被分为生理条件(相貌和年龄),经济条件(工作,经济条件和教育背景),精神生活条件(兴趣,个性和道德品质)。根据文本分析和数据结果,并采用文化理论—霍夫斯泰德的三大文化维度模式,布朗和莱文森面子保全原则,霍尔的高语境交际与低语境交际理论,克拉克洪和斯托特柏克的时间取向,发现了以下在两种文化价值观中较为典型的六类差异,即集体主义和个体主义,稳定和变化,男权文化和平等文化,积极面子和消极面子,模糊思维和精确思维,保守主义和开放主义。具体说来,集体主义和个体主义反映了中国人以整个家庭利益为重而英国人注重追求个人幸福;稳定和变化反映中国的文化是稳定的文化而英国的文化是多变的文化;男权主导文化和平等文化反映了中国是男权社会而英国是平等社会;积极面子和消极面子反映了中国人追求积极的自我形象而英国人追寻消极的自我形象;模糊思维和精确思维反映了中国人的思维概念是模糊不清的而英国人的思维概念则直截了当;保守准则和开放准则说明了中国文化是保守的文化而英国文化则属于开放的文化。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Sociological Studies of Personal Advertisements
• 2.1.1 Studies Abroad
• 2.1.2 Studies at Home
• 2.2 Psychological Studies of Personal Advertisements
• 2.2.1 Studies Abroad
• 2.2.2 Studies at Home
• 2.3 Sociolinguistic Studies of Personal Advertisements
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
• 3.1.1 Individualism-Collectivism
• 3.1.2 Uncertainty Avoidance
• 3.1.3 Power Distance
• 3.2 Brown and Levinson’s Face-Saving Theory
• 3.3 Hall’s High-/Low-Context Communication
• 3.4 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Time Orientations
• Chapter 4 Research Methodology
• 4.1 Research Questions
• 4.2 Data Collection
• Chapter 5 Data Results and Analysis
• 5.1 Differences in Physiological Conditions
• 5.1.1 Differences in Appearance
• 5.1.2 Differences in Age
• 5.2 Differences in Material Conditions
• 5.2.1 Differences in Work
• 5.2.2 Differences in Economic Conditions
• 5.2.3 Differences in Educational Background
• 5.3 Differences in Spiritual Life Conditions
• 5.3.1 Differences in Interests
• 5.3.2 Differences in Individual Characters
• Chapter 6 Discussions
• 6.1 Collectivism vs. Individualism
• 6.1.1 Collectivism in the Chinese Culture
• 6.1.2 Individualism in the English Culture
• 6.2 Stability vs. Change
• 6.2.1 High Uncertainty Avoidance in the Chinese Culture
• 6.2.2 Low Uncertainty Avoidance in the English Culture
• 6.3 Male Dominant Culture vs. Equality Culture
• 6.3.1 High-Power-Distance in the Chinese Culture
• 6.3.2 Low-Power-Distance in the English Culture
• 6.4 Positive Face vs. Negative Face
• 6.4.1 Positive Face in the Chinese Culture
• 6.4.2 Negative Face in the English Culture
• 6.5 Fuzziness Thinking vs. Accuracy Thinking
• 6.5.1 High-Context in the Chinese Culture
• 6.5.2 Low-Context in the English Culture
• 6.6 Conservative Principle vs. Open-Minded Principle
• 6.6.1 Past-Orientedness in the Chinese Culture
• 6.6.2 Future-Orientedness in the English Culture
• Chapter 7 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Publications