论文摘要
GaN作为第三代(宽禁带)半导体,正得到日趋广泛的应用,但是由于缺少实用的同质衬底,导致依靠异质外延生长的III族氮化物材料具有很高的缺陷密度,晶体质量不高,器件应用受到了不良的影响。所以,材料缺陷对光学电学性质的具体影响和机制,以及缺陷尤其是位错密度的降低方法一直都是学术界关心的热点。本文从缺陷性质分析与缺陷抑制方法两方面谋篇。首先研究了帽层引入的势垒层应变以及失配位错对二维电子气输运特性的影响;然后研究了近来广泛受到关注的非极性面GaN中主要缺陷的表征,及其与各向异性应变之间的关系;最后在实际生长中,使用了同质外延和创新性的缺陷选择腐蚀的复合外延方法,有效降低了位错密度。本文的主要工作与结论如下:1.通过不同种类材料中帽层结构的对比,得出通过帽层结构能够调节势垒层的应变状态与位错密度进而影响二维电子气输运性能的结论。相比于没有帽层的AlGaN/GaN异质结构,GaN帽层能够使AlGaN势垒层应变弛豫变小,从而改善二维电子气的电学特性;而AlN帽层会使AlGaN势垒层应变弛豫更为严重,使得材料输运特性恶化。2.建立了一种快速无损测定非极性GaN外延膜中堆垛层错相对密度的有效方法,并对不同生长方法得到的非极性a面GaN样品进行了深入分析。研究表明,在a面GaN中各向异性的应变能够通过堆垛层错得到部分释放;另一方面,首次发现了在非极性GaN中掺杂型缺陷会引入静液压应变。3.搭建了一套使用熔融氢氧化钾与热磷酸的缺陷选择性腐蚀系统。通过改变腐蚀时间与温度,确定了不同目的下的最优腐蚀条件,并对熔融氢氧化钾与热磷酸腐蚀效应进行了对比分析。4.利用同质外延方法,得到了位错密度很低的AlGaN/GaN异质结构,电学分析表明,其二维电子气迁移率较异质外延的同样结构中有所提高。另外,在上述缺陷选择腐蚀的基础上,通过腐蚀后GaN底板的原位SiNx掩膜横向外延过生长与AlGaN/GaN腐蚀结构的再生长,得到了很好的位错降低效果。
论文目录
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