《土生子》中别格的自我实现之路

论文摘要

理查德·赖特享有“美国黑人文学之父”的美誉,其代表作《土生子》更被誉为黑人文学的里程碑。著名美国评论家欧文·豪称:“在《土生子》出版的那一天,美国文化被永久改变了。”小说描写了一个黑人贫民窟的青年别格·托马斯从无知到成熟,不断寻求自我的过程。本文采用分析心理学创始人荣格的个体化理论来分析别格自我实现的过程。个体化是荣格关于人格发展理论的一个关键概念,其基本含义为:一个人成为他自己,获得完整性,发现自我的各个方面。他认为,若要实现个体化,就必须承认和接纳人格面具、阴影、阿尼玛、智慧老人等原型。别格的故事正是其人格发展过程的写照。首先,他成功地将真实的自我与两个人格面具区分开来。接着,他将一直压抑在个人无意识中的两个阴影引入到意识中。在此基础上,别格认识了自己的两个阿尼玛。最后,通过这两位智慧老人,别格成功获得了原始智慧和直觉智慧,顺利实现了个体化,在一个白人普遍视其为“垃圾”、“野兽”的社会,别格最终找到了真我,实现了人格的完善。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 RICHARD WRIGHT AND HIS NATIVE SON
• 1.1.1 Richard Wright
• 1.1.2 Native Son
• 1.2 MAJOR CRITICISMS
• 1.2.1 Initial Reviews
• 1.2.2 The 1940s to the Mid-1960s
• 1.2.3 The Mid-1960s to the Late 1970s
• 1.2.4 The 1980s and 1990s
• 1.3 JUNGIAN THEORY OF INDIVIDUATION
• 1.3.1 The Archetype of Persona
• 1.3.2 The Archetype of Shadow
• 1.3.3 The Archetype of Anima
• 1.3.4 The Archetype of Wise Old Man
• 1.4 THE STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS
• CHAPTER TWO BIGGER’S CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PERSONA
• 2.1 HIS PERSONA IN FRONT OF THE WHITE PEOPLE
• 2.1.1 Submissiveness and Timidity
• 2.1.2 Becoming Conscious of the Persona
• 2.2 HIS PERSONA IN FRONT OF THE BLACK PEOPLE
• 2.2.1 Brusqueness and Hardness
• 2.2.2 Becoming Conscious of the Persona
• CHAPTER THREE BIGGER’S CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE SHADOW
• 3.1 HIS MURDERING INCLINATION
• 3.1.1 His Inclination to Kill
• 3.1.2 Becoming Aware of His Murdering Inclination
• 3.2 HIS SEXUAL DESIRE
• 3.2.1 His Sexual Desire for White Women
• 3.2.2 Becoming Aware of His Sexual Desire
• CHAPTER FOUR BIGGER’S CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE ANIMA
• 4.1 HIS ANIMA PROJECTION ON MARY DALTON
• 4.1.1 Mary Dalton—the Elfin
• 4.1.2 Overcoming the Anima
• 4.2 HIS ANIMA PROJECTION ON BESSIE
• 4.2.1 Bessie – the Angel
• 4.2.2 Overcoming the Anima
• CHAPTER FIVE BIGGER’S CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE WISE OLD MAN
• 5.1 THE WISE OLD MAN SYMBOLIZED IN REVEREND HAMMOND
• 5.1.1 Reverend Hammond—His Priest
• 5.1.2 Outgrowing the Wise Old Man
• 5.2 THE WISE OLD MAN SYMBOLIZED IN MAX
• 5.2.1 Max—His Lawyer
• 5.2.2 Outgrowing the Wise Old Man
• CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY