论文摘要
多义词的众多意义通常给学习者造成困难和疑惑。许多研究表明多义词习得比习得其他类型的词汇更差。主要原因是学习者未能掌握合适的方法,基于结构主义原理他们通常将这些意思割裂开,结果不仅不利于正确理解,而且也加重了记忆的负担。然而,认知语言学认为这些意思是相互联系的,因为它认为许多意义是由一个核心意义衍生而来的,这为多义词习得提供了良好的理论支持。因此,作者假设如果在教学中先教核心意义,并指导学生理解核心意义与衍射意义间的联系,将更有助于多义词的习得。作者以认知语言学的原型理论和心理语言学的精细加工理论为基础,运用实证研究探索提供核心意义和比喻意义条件下多义词习得的有效途径。本研究试图回答以下问题:第一,与提供比喻意义相比,提供核心意义是否更有助于对多义词其它比喻意义的猜测?第二,与提供比喻意义相比,提供核心意义是否更有助于记忆的保持?第三,两种条件下,猜词和记忆之间有无相关性?如何解释相关性的存在或不存在。本研究抽取了江西师范大学非英语专业一年级的99名同学。根据实验条件把他们随机分成两组——组1(提供核心意义)和组2(提供衍射意义)。每阶段测试结束后,均有一对一的访谈,以获得定性数据。使用SPSS对猜词、短时记忆和长时记忆成绩进行分析,以及三者之间的相关性进行了分析,再结合对学生的访谈,得出下列结论:第一,两组在猜词测试中呈现显著性差异,核心组比非核心组表现的更好。第二,两组在短时记忆的测试中没有显著性差异。第三,两组在长时记忆测试中有显著差异,核心组得分高于非核心组。第四,总体上说,猜词与记忆之间存在正相关性,尽管相关系数不高。核心组在猜词与记忆之间呈现正相关;但非核心组在猜词与长时记忆之间呈现负相关性。基于以上结果,作者认为在教学过程中,应更加注重核心意义——首先掌握核心意义,并理解核心意义与比喻之间的联系。而对于教材的编写者,应首先介绍多义词的核心意义。
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