论杰克·伦敦人物塑造艺术中的二元对立

论文摘要

作为20世纪初美国现实主义文坛上的重要的一员,杰克·伦敦（1876-1916）历来备受世人瞩目。学术界目前已从多种批评视角对他的小说进行了发掘,如新历史主义,生态女性主义,马克思主义等等。然而界内学者对伦敦的人物塑造艺术却鲜有研究。“二元对立”这一独具特色的人物塑造技巧使其作品久经不衰,永葆艺术魅力。《海狼》、《马丁·伊登》和《毒日头》是伦敦的代表性著作,三部作品极为深刻地演绎了人物自身以及人物之间所体现出来的诸多二元对立现象。本文将运用结构主义批评中二元对立及其相关理论深入分析三部小说在人物塑造方面所体现出来的表层和深层的二元对立。由此论文旨在证明二元对立是杰克·伦敦人物塑造艺术中的一个核心特色,并揭示包含于矛盾之中的美学品质。全文一共分为六章。第一章概览作家及其主要作品,给出文献综述和论文论点。第二章介绍论文的理论依据,即结构主义二元对立原则和克劳德·列维-斯特劳斯的“神话矩阵”理论。第三章集中讨论所选取的三部小说中人物自身性格中的二元对立现象。通过运用结构主义二元对立和“神话矩阵”理论,该章对男女主人公精神世界中诸多对立的神话素集束进行分析并由此得出其深层次的二元对立。第四章对小说中人物与人物之间二元对立进行解析。同样地,笔者仍以结构主义二元对立和“神话矩阵”为理论支撑分析不同人物间所体现出来的对立神话素,并分别析出深层次的二元对立。第五章探讨杰克·伦敦二元对立观的形成原因。伦敦复杂的自我身份定位及特殊时代背景下不同意识形态的激烈冲突共同造就了他具有二元对立特色的人物塑造模式。文章在最后一章得出结论：二元对立是杰克·伦敦小说人物塑造艺术中的核心特色。这不仅有助于读者更加确切地把握杰克·伦敦及其文学创作,而且为欣赏生活中的矛盾美也提供了有益的参考。

论文目录

• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION
• A.Brief review of Jack London and his major works
• B.Literature review
• 1. Overseas critical reception
• 2. Domestic studies
• C.Thesis statement
• Ⅱ.AN OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURALIST BINARY OPPOSITION
• A.The principle of structuralist binary opposition
• B.Claude Levi-Strauss' theory of "mythic matrix"
• C. Structuralist binary opposition used in literary criticism
• Ⅲ.BINARY OPPOSITIONS WITHIN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERS
• A.Opposing mythemes within Captain Wolf Larsen in The Sea-Wolf
• 1. An optimist and a pessimist
• 2. A rebel against capitalism and a supporter of capitalism
• 3. Further interpretation of opposing mythemes by"mythic matrix"
• B.Opposing mythemes within Humphrey Van Weyden in The Sea-Wolf
• 1. Abominating and admiring force
• 2. Despising and sympathizing with sailors
• 3. Furher interpretation of opposing mythemes by"mythic matrix"
• C.Opposing mythemes within the poetess Maud Brewster in The Sea-Wolf
• 1. A new woman and a traditional woman
• 2. Detesting and favoring Wolf Larsen
• 3. Further interpretation of opposing mythemes by"mythic matrix"
• D.Opposing mythemes within Martin Eden in Martin Eden
• 1. Admiring and disdaining bourgeois high life
• 2. Depreciating and cherishing lower class life
• 3. Further interpretation of opposing mythemes by "mythic matrix
• E. Opposing mythemes within Elam Harnish in Burning Daylight
• 1. Sticking to pure northern values and pursuing sordid bourgeois values
• 2. Fearing and aspiring women and love
• 3. Further interpretation of opposing mythemes by "mythic matrix"
• Ⅳ. BINARY OPPOSITIONS BETWEEN CHARACTERS
• A. Opposing mythemes between Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden in The Sea-Wolf
• 1. Savagery and elegance
• 2. Realism and idealism
• 3. Further interpretation of opposing mythemes by "mythic matrix"
• B. Opposing mythemes between Martin Eden and Ruth Morse in Martin Eden
• 1. Lower class and upper class
• 2. Masculinity and femininity
• 3. Further interpretation of opposing mythemes by "mythic matrix"
• C. Opposing mythemes between Elam Harnish and Dede Mason in Burning Daylight
• Ⅴ. ORIGINS OF BINARY OPPOSITION IN JACK LONDON'S NOVELS
• A. London's split in self-identity
• B. The collision of diverse European philosophies
• Ⅵ. CONCLUSION
• WORKS CITED