英汉典型动结结构认知对比研究

论文摘要

作为一种重要的语言现象,动结结构在句法和语义研究中占有独特地位。国外学者主要从句法、语义和构式三个方面研究,国内学者主要从历时、共时角度分析,却都很少进行英汉对比。本文从句法和语义两个层面对英汉典型动结结构进行了考察分析,试图揭示二者主要异同点,并且探寻其认知动因。在句法层面,英语典型动结结构通常用一般过去时态表达动作的完成,汉语中常用体标记词“了”表达动作的终结。英语典型动结结构遵循直接宾语限制,汉语中有时违背,前者宾语和补语结合松散,而后者结合紧密。汉语典型动结结构有更多变异,比英语中更丰富。在语义层面,本文通过力传递理论来解释其致使语义,研究发现二者包含两个表述,两个表述之间具有因果关系,结果补语使动作有界化并赋予结构恒定的终止义。英语中结果补语语义指向宾语,汉语结果补语指向宾语或补语,英语形容词结果补语相比汉语受更多的语义限制。另外,还发现歧义现象会出现在汉语某些典型动结结构中,而英语中却不存在。由于人类具有相似的身体经验和解读典型致使事件的认知模式,英汉典型动结结构存在共性,尤其语义上。然而由于从语义结构向句法结构映射过程中人类认知、文化因素的影响,二者在句法形式上又有着各自的表达特点。英语典型动结结构符合顺序象似原则,汉语典型动结结构是语法化的产物,具有距离象似动因。

论文目录

• 中文摘要
• ABSTRACT
• CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS
• 1.2 MOTIVATIONS OF THE CURRENT STUDY
• 1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION
• 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION
• CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
• 2.1 INTRODUCTION
• 2.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON RESULTATIVE CONSTRUCTION
• 2.2.1 Previous Studies on English Resultative Construction
• 2.2.2 Previous Studies on Chinese Resultative Construction
• 2.2.3 Problems of Previous Studies
• 2.3 TYPICAL RESULTATIVE CONSTRUCTION
• 2.3.1 Typical Resultative Construction in English
• 2.3.2 Typical Resultative Construction in Chinese
• 2.4 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER THREE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
• 3.1 INTRODUCTION
• 3.2 THE THEORY OF FORCE TRANSMISSION
• 3.2.1 The Billiard-Ball Model
• 3.2.2 Force Dynamics
• 3.3 SYNTACTIC ICONICITY
• 3.3.1 The Iconicity of Distance
• 3.3.2 The Iconicity of Sequence
• 3.4 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER FOUR CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
• 4.1 INTRODUCTION
• 4.2 CONTRAST FROM THE ASPECT OF SYNTACTIC FORM
• 4.2.1 Structural Composition
• 4.2.2 Tense and Aspect
• 4.2.3 Productivity and Variations of Typical Resultative Construction
• 4.3 CONTRAST FROM THE ASPECT OF CAUSATIVE MEANING
• 4.3.1 Representation of Causation in Typical Resultative Construction
• 4.3.2 Semantic Constraints of Constructional Slot
• 4.3.3 Semantic Reference of Resultative Complement
• 4.3.4 Ambiguity in Chinese Typical Resultative Construction
• 4.4 MOTIVATIONS OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
• 4.4.1 Motivations of Similarities
• 4.4.2 Motivations of Differences
• 4.5 SOME NOTES ON TYPICAL RESULTATIVE CONSTRUCTION C-E TRANSLATION
• 4.6 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS
• 5.1 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
• 5.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
• 5.3 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX: ARTICLES PUBLISHED DURING M.A. STUDIES