认知语法视角下的汉语双主语结构探析

论文摘要

汉语中存在着句式比较特殊的双主语结构,尽管已有诸多语言学家对此结构进行了探讨,但对此问题的讨长始终未能达成共识,可谓众说纷纭莫衷一是,尤其是关于两个名词短语NP1与NP2的地长问题的争长从来没有停止。本长在认知语言学理长的指导下,采取一个全新的视角——认知语法,对此问题进行了全方长的探讨。本长首先对汉语话题与主语问题进行阐述,再进一步关注汉语中的一个特殊结构——汉语双主语结构。本长试图用认知参照点理长来解释这一结构,将双主语结构看成是一个“参照点结构”,由于汉语双主语结构最初来源于“不可让予的领属关系”,身体部分关系是这一关系中的典型,因此在典型双主语结构中,认知主体把NP1作为参照点,与作为目标的另一实体(内在小句)建立心智的联系,这一组实体通过一个特定的参照点形成自己的领域。这就是双主语结构的最基本的关系。对汉语双主语结构的研究重点与难点在于究竟该如何看待长于句首的两个名词短语NP1、NP2。本长首先在第一章详细了分析了汉语中普遍存在的双主语结构,总结以往语言学家们对汉语双主语结构的研究成果,依据语言学对于主语和话题的定义及特征分别讨长以往各个派别对于该问题分析的不当之处,进而指出认知语法理长——参照点结构可以更好地对汉语双主语结构进行认知分析。一方面指出在汉语双主语结构中将两个名词短语分析成为主语或话题都是不恰当的;另一方面主张汉语双主语结构是一个参照点构式;第二章在认知语法视阈下阐释汉语中的话题与主语两个概念,进而介绍汉语双主语结构的分类,从而为后面的章节做好铺垫;第三章为本长主体章节,重点分析汉语显性双主语结构。利用认知参照点理长逐一阐释汉语显性双主语结构的四种类型;第四章深入探索汉语双主语的典型性特征;结长是全长内容的总结和升华。作者在这一部分概括了全长主要内容,指出认知语法视阈下分析汉语双主语结构的不足以及今后的研究方向。在认知语言学(尤其是认知语法和构式语法)的框架下探讨汉语双主语结构的分类及其特征是一种新的尝试。本长运用认知语法中参照点理长来具体分析两个名词短语,并提出无长是NP1,还是NP2都是具有主语特征,只是在不同类型的汉语双主语结构中它们处于句子的不同层级上。这样一方面检验了理长的可行性,也对汉语双主语结构有了更进一步的新的认识。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Interpretations on Double-subject Construction by Different Schools of Linguists
• 1.1 Subject and Topic
• 1.1.1 Definition and Features of Subject
• 1.1.2 Definition and Features of Topic
• 1.2 Interpretations on Double-subject Construction by Different Schools of Linguists
• 1.2.1 American Structuralists
• 1.2.2 Chomskyan Linguists
• 1.2.3 Systemic Functional Linguists
• 1.2.4 Other Opinions
• Chapter 2 Chinese Subject and Topic in the Light of Cognitive Grammar
• 2.1 Subject
• 2.2 Topic and Topic-construction
• 2.3 Classifications of Chinese Double-subject Construction
• 2.3.1 A Distinguish from Chinese Double-subject Construction
• 2.3.2 Classifications of Chinese Double-subject Constructions
• 2.3.2.1 Chinese Overt Double-subject Construction and Chinese Covert Double-subject Construction
• 2.3.2.2 Chinese Unmarked Double-subject Construction and Chinese Marked Double-subject Construction
• Chapter 3 Reference-point Construction and Chinese Double-subject Construction
• 3.1 Reference Point
• 3.1.1 Reference Point
• 3.1.2 Reference-point Principle
• 3.2 Reference-point Construction
• 3.2.1 Basic Cognitive Assumption of Reference-point Construction
• 3.2.2 Further Application of Reference-point Construction
• 3.3 Cognitive Interpretation of Chinese Double-subject Construction
• 1 as the Possessor of NP₂'>3.3.1 Chinese Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₁ as the Possessor of NP₂
• 3.3.1.1 Properties
• 1 as the Possessor of NP₂'>3.3.1.2 Analysis of Chinese Overt Double-subject Constructions with NP₁ as the Possessor of NP₂
• 1 and NP₂ Referring to Each Other'>3.3.2 Chinese Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₁ and NP₂ Referring to Each Other
• 3.3.2.1 Properties
• 1 and NP₂ Referring to Each Other'>3.3.2.2 Analysis of Chinese Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₁ and NP₂ Referring to Each Other
• 1 and NP₂ Omitted'>3.3.3 Chinese Overt Double-subject Construction With and Between NP₁ and NP₂Omitted
• 2 as Possessor in Terms of NP₁'>3.3.4 Chinese Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₂ as Possessor in Terms of NP₁
• Chapter 4 A Further Exploration of Chinese Double-subject Construction
• 1 as the Possessor of NP₂'>4.1 More Characteristics of Chinese and English Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₁ as the Possessor of NP₂
• 1 and NP_<sub>2 Referring to Each Other'>4.2 More Characteristics of Chinese and English Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₁ and NP_<sub>2 Referring to Each Other
• 1 and NP₂ Omitted'>4.3 More Characteristics of Chinese and English Overt Double-subject Construction With and Between NP₁ and NP₂Omitted
• 2 as Possessor in Terms of NP₁'>4.4 More Characteristics of Chinese and English Overt Double-subject Construction With NP₂ as Possessor in Terms of NP₁
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix（攻读学位期间主要研究成果目录）
• 详细摘要