语境与词义的动态性研究

论文摘要

语言的意义是人类交际的核心,是语言学研究的基本问题之一。然而,什么是意义,不同语言流派有不同的解释和说法。事实上,意义的不同理解和概念导致人们对词汇意义本质认识的差异。意义和语境是语用学研究的两个基本概念,但语用学研究的词汇意义不同于语法学或语义学所研究的词汇意义。因为语用学研究意义是必须考虑语境因素。随着语境研究的深入,研究方法由静态变为动态,视角也随之转移到交际主体—语言使用者上。本文以语境与词汇的关系为切入点,旨在对交际中的语境与词义进行动态性研究。随着语用学的发展和语境理论的不断成熟和完善,人们认识到仅仅从语法和语义角度来研究词义是远远不够的,因为词汇在交际中产生的意义远远超过我们所能想象的。语境作为交际最重要的一个因素,是随着交际进程的发展而不断变化的,是动态的。词汇是言语表达方式的基本单位,准确使用与判断词义对话语交际十分重要。交际中语境的变化引起词义的变化,词义的变化导致整个交际意义的变化,以此交际者建构新的语境,因此整个交际过程就是话语意义与语境互相影响和建构的过程。总之,交际离不开语境与词义,语境与词义在交际中具有动态性。作者简要回顾了语境理论的发展,介绍了马林诺夫斯基、弗斯以及韩礼德关于语境的观点,并对语境的分类和功能做出了阐释。在此基础上作者分析了语境和词汇意义的密切关系,即：语境制约词义理解,词义表达依赖于语境。语境在交际中是动态的,而词义也会随语境的变化而变化,具有动态性。交际者只有准确地把握语境的动态性,才能恰当地选择和理解词义。采用维索尔伦的语境适应论作为动态语境的理论框架,从言内语境和言外语境两方面论述语境与词义的动态性,使用的例证来源于相关语言学文献及资料。本文反映了当今对语境与词义进行动态和认知研究的一种趋势,尤其是动态的词义观是对传统词义研究必要而及时的补充。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter one Introduction
• 1.1 The Purpose and Method of Research
• 1.2 The Significance of the Research
• 1.3 The Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 A Brief Review of Word Meaning Research
• 2.1.1 Grammatical Studies of Word Meanings
• 2.1.2 Semantic Studies of Word Meanings
• 2.1.3 Pragmatic Studies of Word Meanings and Contexts
• 2.2 A Brief Review of Context Research
• 2.2.1 Traditional Study of Context
• 2.2.2 Dynamic Study of Context
• 2.2.2.1 Studies of Dynamics of Context Abroad
• 2.2.2.2 Studies of Dynamics of Context in China
• 2.3 Theory of Adaptation and Dynamic Context
• 2.3.1 Theory of Adaptation
• 2.3.1.1 Making Linguistic Choices
• 2.3.1.2 Three Notions
• 2.3.1.3 Four Angles of Theory of Adaptation
• 2.3.2 The Advantages of the Dynamic Study of Context
• Chapter Three Word Meaning and Context
• 3.1 Word Meaning
• 3.1.1 Definition of Word Meaning
• 3.1.2 Classification of Word Meaning
• 3.1.2.1 Grammatical Meaning
• 3.1.2.2 Lexical Meaning
• 3.2 Context
• 3.2.1 Definition of Context
• 3.2.2 Classification of Context
• 3.2.2.1 Linguistic Context
• 3.2.2.2 Non-linguistic Context
• 3.3 The Determinacy of Word Meaning in Context
• 3.3.1 The Indeterminacy of Word Meaning
• 3.3.2 Varieties of Pragmatic Processes
• 3.3.2.1 Pragmatic Narrowing
• 3.3.2.2 Pragmatic Broadening
• 3.4 Contributions of Contexts to the Interpretation of Word Meanings
• 3.4.1. Distincting Polysemy
• 3.4.2. Eliminating Ambiguities
• 3.4.3. Removing Vagueness
• 3.4.4. Indicating Referents
• 3.4.5. Supplying Information Omitted through Ellipsis
• Chapter Four Dynamic Word Meanings in Contexts
• 4.1 Dynamic Approaches to Contexts
• 4.2 Dynamic Word Meanings in Contexts
• 4.2.1 Adaptation to Extra-linguistic Context
• 4.2.1.1 Adaptation to Language Usere:Utterer and Interpreter
• 4.2.1.2 Adaptation to the Mental World
• 4.2.1.3 Adaptation to the Social World
• 4.2.1.4 Adaptation to the Physical World
• 4.2.2 Adaptation to Intra-linguistic Context
• 4.2.2.1 Adaptation to Intra-sentence Context
• 4.2.2.2 Adaptation to Discourse Context
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Published Paper during the Study of MA