论概念隐喻在构建篇章连贯中的作用

论概念隐喻在构建篇章连贯中的作用

论文摘要

隐喻是语言学家、心理学家、哲学家等众多学者们热衷的研究领域。自两千多年前的亚里士多德时代开始,在历史发展的各个时期都有众多贤人志士对隐喻这一神奇而又充满诱惑的话题进行着积极地讨论。随着自然科学和社会科学的发展,人们对隐喻的认识也在不断深入。人们对隐喻的认识经历了从对语言的修饰手段到语义失常,从临时的非自然意义到人类认识世界的基本工具这样一个变化过程。这个过程是一个由表及里,从语言层面深入到思维层面的过程。在此过程中,人们不再只把隐喻看成是对语言的一种简单的狭义的修辞手段,而是在研究中加入了哲学、心理学、认知科学等其它领域的研究方法,把隐喻看成是一种思维模式和认知过程。随着对隐喻研究的深入,学者们对隐喻的产生机制和隐喻本身所具有的特点和作用有了进一步的认识。但是他们对于隐喻的本质、作用等方面的观点并没有统一。而正是这些相互补充而又相互对立的研究方法及其研究成果促进了人们从不同角度对隐喻的本质进行深入的研究讨论。迄今为止,人们从认知角度对隐喻进行的研究已取得众多的成果。认知语言学家认为,隐喻是普遍存在的一种思维方式(Thinking Pattern),是人们根据自身的实实在在的体验而获得的一种认识、理解、经历和表达主客观世界的基本手段,是人们思维运作所固有的基本机制。而这种机制又有其产生的认知基础,即人们对自身和客观环境的体验和认识。从认知的角度来说,隐喻是一种不同概念域之间的映射(Mapping)。这种映射往往是从一个对于隐喻使用者来说具体的、熟悉的、较为简单的和容易量化的概念映射到比较抽象的、陌生的、较为复杂和不容易量化的概念,而不是相反。这个过程是符合人们认识世界的规律的。心理空间理论认为人们思维中存在着各种各样的心理空间,也就是各种各样的概念域(Conceptual Domain)。认知语言学家吸取了心理空间理论的研究成果并将其运用到了隐喻的研究之中。他们认为隐喻是人们心理上存在的一个概念空间(Conceptual Space),这个概念空间的形成不是两个概念域之间简单的映射的结果,而是一个同时具有两个概念域某些共同的,或是相似的特征,但同时又具

论文目录

  • Acknowledgement
  • Abstract (English)
  • Abstract (Chinese)
  • Contents
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Literature Review on Metaphor
  • 1.1.1 Viewpoints of Rhetoric
  • 1.1.1.1 Comparison Theory
  • 1.1.1.2 Substitution Theory
  • 1.1.2 Viewpoint of Semantics―Interaction Theory
  • 1.1.3 Viewpoints of Pragmatics
  • 1.1.3.1 Grice’s Maxim Exploitation
  • 1.1.3.2 Searle’s Pragmatic Theory
  • 1.1.4 Viewpoints of Cognitive Linguistics
  • 1.1.4.1 Cognitive Semantic Viewpoint
  • 1.1.4.2 Experientialism and Conceptual Metaphor
  • 1.2 Objective and Organization of this Dissertation
  • 1.2.1 Objective of this Dissertation
  • 1.2.2 Organization of this Dissertation
  • Chapter Two Coherence and Systematicity of Conceptual Metaphor
  • 2.1 Input Domains and Coherence of Conceptual Metaphor
  • 2.1.1 Entailment of One Conceptual Metaphor
  • 2.1.2 Coherence Between Two and More than Two Conceptual Metaphors
  • 2.1.2.1 Conceptual Metaphors Sharing the Same Target Domain
  • 2.1.2.2 Conceptual Metaphors Sharing the Same Source Domain
  • 2.1.2.3 Conceptual Metaphors Sharing No Target or Source Domain
  • 2.2 Mapping as the Interrelation Between Domains
  • 2.3 Experiential Basis of Conceptual Metaphor
  • 2.4 Systematicity of Conceptual Metaphor
  • 2.4.1 Metaphorical Entailment
  • 2.4.1.1 Entailment System Formed by the Source Domain Concepts
  • 2.4.1.2 Entailment System Formed by the Target Domain Concepts
  • 2.4.2 Metaphorical Highlighting and Hiding
  • 2.5 Summary
  • Chapter Three Coherence and Comprehension of Text
  • 3.1 Coherence of Text
  • 3.1.1 Text
  • 3.1.2 Coherence and Cohesion of Text
  • 3.1.3 Factors Affecting the Coherence of Text
  • 3.1.3.1 World Knowledge (encyclopedia knowledge) and Cultural Experiences
  • 3.1.3.2 Pragmatic Principles
  • 3.1.3.3 Image Schema
  • 3.2 Features of a Coherent Text
  • 3.2.1 Writer’s Presupposed Target
  • 3.2.2 Reader’s Mind Meditation
  • 3.2.3 Cognitive Context
  • 3.3 Comprehension of Text
  • 3.4 Summary
  • Chapter Four Conceptual Metaphor Constructing Coherence in Text
  • 4.1 Entailment of Conceptual Metaphor and Coherence of Text
  • 4.1.1 Entailment of One Conceptual Metaphor and Coherence of Text
  • 4.1.2 Entailment of More than One Conceptual Metaphors and Coherence of Text
  • 4.1.2.1 One Central Conceptual Metaphor and Several Sub-conceptual Metaphors
  • 4.1.2.2 Several Parallel Conceptual Metaphors
  • 4.2 Highlighting and Intention of Text
  • 4.2.1 Profiled Concept of One Conceptual Metaphor
  • 4.2.2 Profiled Concepts Between Conceptual Metaphors
  • 4.2.2.1 Different Conceptual Metaphors Highlight Different Aspects of the Same Subject
  • 4.2.2.2 Different Conceptual Metaphors Highlight Different Subjects
  • 4.3 Cognitive Context and Coherence of a Text
  • 4.4 Conceptual Metaphors and Coherence of Texts
  • 4.4.1 Comprehension of Text
  • 4.4.2 Comprehension of Conceptual Metaphors and Comprehension of Texts
  • 4.5 Summary
  • Chapter Five Conclusion
  • Bibliography
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    论概念隐喻在构建篇章连贯中的作用
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