论文摘要
鸭病毒性肠炎(Duck viral enteritis, DVE),又名鸭瘟(Duck plague, DP),是由鸭肠炎病毒(Duck enteritis virus, DEV)引起的鸭、鹅及多种雁形目动物的一种急性、热性、败血性传染病。DEV系疱疹病毒科成员之一,其分子生物学方面的研究十分有限,相对落后于其它疱疹病毒,其基因组结构和物理图谱尚属未知。目前已知DEV TK、UL24和gH基因ORF,对于UL6、UL7和UL30基因仅已知部分核苷酸序列,其基因组90%以上属于未知,与此相关的基础研究,如病毒的基因功能以及病毒在机体细胞和组织中的复制机理、病毒感染过程以及机体抗病毒感染机制等多方面研究均有许多不明之处。同时,与此相关的预防、控制等措施以及基于基因组序列的基因工程疫苗的研究应受到重视。本实验研究主要以蚀斑纯化株DEV Clone-03的基因组未知序列为主要对象,以分子生物学技术为主要手段,提供病毒基因分子特性,为后续研究奠定基础。首先进行DEV的蚀斑纯化、增殖以及PCR检测;然后使用靶基因步行PCR(targeted gene walking PCR)方法扩增DEV基因组未知序列;之后进行病毒基因的ORF预测和序列分析;最后进行UL6基因的原核表达及融合蛋白兔体高免血清的制备。用CEF单层细胞对DEV疫苗株进行蚀斑纯化,将蚀斑纯化毒命名为DEV克隆疫苗(DEV Clone-03)株,将此毒通过绒毛尿囊膜途径接种10日龄SPF鸡胚。根据GenBank发表的DEV LA(Lake Andes)株UL6基因部分核苷酸序列(登录号:AF043730)设计引物P1和P2;根据GenBank发表的DEV疫苗(DP-VAC)株UL30区域核苷酸序列(登录号:AF064639)设计引物P11和P12,用这两对引物对DEV Clone-03进行PCR检测。用P1和P2引物检测DEV Clone-03在鸡胚体内的分布,结果表明:接毒死亡鸡胚的尿囊膜、心、肝、脾、肺、肾和肌肉皮肤内均存在病毒;PCR敏感试验表明此方法可以检测到100μl尿囊液中提取的10-3稀释的病毒DNA。收取接毒死亡鸡胚尿囊液,磷钨酸负染电镜观察,可以见到典型的疱疹病毒粒子。Targeted gene walking PCR方法是以一段已知序列为出发点,采用特异性引物与非特异性引物相结合的方法扩增已知序列周围的未知序列部分,从而使已知序列不断延伸。本实验以DEV Clone-03基因组DNA为模板,用此方法扩增DEV Clone-03基因组未知序列,结果表明targeted gene walking PCR方法扩增DNA病毒基因组未知序列切实可行。选取两段核苷酸序列作为扩增起始点,其中一段是UL6区域的由引物P1和P2扩增的516 bp核苷酸序列(A),另一段是UL30区域的由引物P11和P12扩增的234 bp核苷酸序列(B)。以A为起点扩增得到9 732 bp片段,从中预测到7个基因ORF,它们编码的多肽分别与单纯疱疹病毒1型(Herpes simplex virus 1,HSV-1)的UL1、UL2、UL3、UL4、UL5、UL6和UL7蛋白具有同源性,将这7个基因分别命名为DEV Clone-03的UL1、UL2、UL3、UL4、UL5、UL6和UL7 HSV-1同源基因,各基因ORF大小依次为711 bp、474 bp、720 bp、714 bp、2 568 bp、2 373 bp和966 bp,编码氨基酸数量依次为236、157、239、237、855、790和321。以B为起点扩增得到17 841 bp的片段,从中预测到7个基因ORF,它们编码的多肽分别与HSV-1的UL25、UL26、UL26.5、UL27、UL28、UL29和UL30蛋白具有同源性,将这7个基因分
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