本文主要研究内容
作者王奔（2019）在《小黄鱼贮藏期挥发性物质与品质特性及空气煎炸工艺研究》一文中研究指出：小黄鱼是我国海产品支柱产业之一,具有高蛋白低脂肪的特点,并且维生素、微量元素硒和矿物质含量丰富,具有很高的食用价值。此外,小黄鱼本身刺少肉嫩,味道鲜美,许多消费者都喜爱。但是小黄鱼不易储藏是限制小黄鱼发展的重要因素之一,并且在贮藏过程中会对小黄鱼自身的品质及风味产生影响。其次,小黄鱼加工方式过于单一,传统的加工方式不仅小黄鱼的容易破坏小黄鱼的营养成分,也不利于消费者的身体健康。本文采用顶空固相微萃取—气相色谱质谱联用的方法鉴定分析小黄鱼不同部位挥发性物质组成,探究冷藏(0-4℃)和冻藏(-20℃)条件下小黄鱼品质指标以及挥发性物质的变化,分析其变化规律,并利用空气煎炸技术对小黄鱼进行加工,对空气煎炸前后小黄鱼的品质进行评价,确定适宜的调料浸渍时间以及煎炸温度和时间,从而为小黄鱼的贮藏管理以及产品加工提供理论基础。主要研究内容及结果如下:(1)采用顶空固相微萃取—气相色谱质谱联用的方法对小黄鱼鱼头、鱼皮、鱼肉的挥发性物质物质进行测定,小黄鱼鱼头、鱼皮、鱼肉的挥发性物质分别检出67种、37种、24种,各个部位总共检测到的挥发性物质种类中醛类最多,高达35种,其次是烃类、醇类、酮类,分别是31种、29种、17种。检测到的酯类种类最少,仅有10种。结果表明,不同部位的挥发性物质在种类、相对含量上存在着显著的差异。小黄鱼鱼头挥发性物质的含量最多,其次是鱼皮,鱼肉中的挥发性物质含量最少。其中各个部位的挥发性物质中都以醛类、醇类、烃类为主,小黄鱼鱼头中酮类含量高于鱼皮和鱼肉,小黄鱼鱼皮中的酯类含量明显高于鱼头和鱼肉。各个部位都有相互共存的挥发性物质,并且也有些物质仅在单个部位单独检测出。(2)通过对新鲜小黄鱼存放在冷藏和冻藏条件下,进行贮藏期间小黄鱼品质指标测定,每隔5天进行一次实验,探究品质指标变化。结果表明,感官评定得分随着贮藏时间的延长呈现下降趋势,冷藏条件下小黄鱼感官第10天基本失去原有品质并有明显的异味,冻藏条件下小黄鱼35天内色泽形态基本完好,冻藏条件下小黄鱼的感官评价得分均高于冷藏条件;冷藏条件下小黄鱼pH值先下降,随后腐败变质严重产生胺类等碱性物质,第15天时出现上升趋势,冻藏小黄鱼的pH值呈现下降趋势,时间越长下降速率增快;挥发性盐基氮含量都随着贮藏时间的增加呈现出上升的趋势,冷藏条件下小黄鱼的挥发性盐基氮含量在第10天时超过了国家安全限量标准,随后继续增高,并且实验过程中能闻到明显的氨氮臭味;冻藏条件下小黄鱼的挥发性盐基氮含量增长速率低于冷藏条件,35天内的挥发性盐基氮含量均未超出安全限量标准;贮藏过程中总巯基含量都呈现下降趋势,冷藏条件下小黄鱼的总巯基含量下降较快,冻藏条件下的小黄鱼总巯基含量明显缓慢,低温能使蛋白质分子在鱼体内冻结,起到有效的保护作用;硫代巴比妥酸值随着贮藏时间的延长均呈现上升趋势。冷藏条件下前期阶段增长速度慢,冻藏条件下小黄鱼的硫代巴比妥酸值随着冷冻时间的增长,增长速率升高,脂肪氧化越严重。(3)利用顶空固相微萃取—气相色谱质谱联用法对贮藏期间小黄鱼挥发性物质进行测定,探究贮藏期间挥发性物质变化趋势,并利用SPSS软件对鱼肉挥发性物质进行主成分分析,将主成分与品质指标变化进行相关性分析。研究结果表明,小黄鱼各部位的挥发性物质变化明显,其特征性挥发性物质含量均有所增加,随着贮藏时间的延长,小黄鱼鱼头、鱼皮、鱼肉的挥发性物质变化趋于一致,其中醛类和酮类物质逐渐增加,醇类物质减少,贮藏阶段的后期会产生大量胺类物质。小黄鱼鱼肉中主成分1种主要以醛类少量的酮类和不饱和醇类物质为主,主成分2中主要由一些长链的醛类组成,这些物质均与挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸值呈现正相关,并且相关性较高,证明挥发性物质与小黄鱼腐败变质和脂肪氧化关系密切。总巯基含量、pH值则与挥发性物质呈现一定的负相关,综合分析小黄鱼挥发性物质变化规律与小黄鱼品质息息相关。(4)研究小黄鱼空气煎炸加工的工艺条件,采用不同煎炸温度和时间以及调料浸渍时间为变量,利用单因素结合响应面分析加工后小黄鱼的营养成分和感官品质的变化情况,确定最佳的工艺条件。结果表明,根据在单因素试验基础上设计响应面优化试验得到感官评分最高时的煎炸条件是:煎炸温度为176.77℃,煎炸时间为15.93 min,调料浸渍时间97.52 min。保留营养成分较高的最佳煎炸条件是:煎炸温度为176.77℃,煎炸时间为15.93 min,调料浸渍时间97.52 min,在此条件下小黄鱼的蛋白质含量是20.37 g/100g,脂肪含量是1.62 g/100g,水分含量是73.25g/100g。综合分析,最终确定空气炸锅煎炸小黄鱼的最佳工艺条件是:煎炸温度180℃,煎炸时间16 min,调料浸渍时间95 min。
Abstract
xiao huang yu shi wo guo hai chan pin zhi zhu chan ye zhi yi ,ju you gao dan bai di zhi fang de te dian ,bing ju wei sheng su 、wei liang yuan su xi he kuang wu zhi han liang feng fu ,ju you hen gao de shi yong jia zhi 。ci wai ,xiao huang yu ben shen ci shao rou nen ,wei dao xian mei ,hu duo xiao fei zhe dou xi ai 。dan shi xiao huang yu bu yi chu cang shi xian zhi xiao huang yu fa zhan de chong yao yin su zhi yi ,bing ju zai zhu cang guo cheng zhong hui dui xiao huang yu zi shen de pin zhi ji feng wei chan sheng ying xiang 。ji ci ,xiao huang yu jia gong fang shi guo yu chan yi ,chuan tong de jia gong fang shi bu jin xiao huang yu de rong yi po huai xiao huang yu de ying yang cheng fen ,ye bu li yu xiao fei zhe de shen ti jian kang 。ben wen cai yong ding kong gu xiang wei cui qu —qi xiang se pu zhi pu lian yong de fang fa jian ding fen xi xiao huang yu bu tong bu wei hui fa xing wu zhi zu cheng ,tan jiu leng cang (0-4℃)he dong cang (-20℃)tiao jian xia xiao huang yu pin zhi zhi biao yi ji hui fa xing wu zhi de bian hua ,fen xi ji bian hua gui lv ,bing li yong kong qi jian zha ji shu dui xiao huang yu jin hang jia gong ,dui kong qi jian zha qian hou xiao huang yu de pin zhi jin hang ping jia ,que ding kuo yi de diao liao jin zi shi jian yi ji jian zha wen du he shi jian ,cong er wei xiao huang yu de zhu cang guan li yi ji chan pin jia gong di gong li lun ji chu 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong ji jie guo ru xia :(1)cai yong ding kong gu xiang wei cui qu —qi xiang se pu zhi pu lian yong de fang fa dui xiao huang yu yu tou 、yu pi 、yu rou de hui fa xing wu zhi wu zhi jin hang ce ding ,xiao huang yu yu tou 、yu pi 、yu rou de hui fa xing wu zhi fen bie jian chu 67chong 、37chong 、24chong ,ge ge bu wei zong gong jian ce dao de hui fa xing wu zhi chong lei zhong quan lei zui duo ,gao da 35chong ,ji ci shi ting lei 、chun lei 、tong lei ,fen bie shi 31chong 、29chong 、17chong 。jian ce dao de zhi lei chong lei zui shao ,jin you 10chong 。jie guo biao ming ,bu tong bu wei de hui fa xing wu zhi zai chong lei 、xiang dui han liang shang cun zai zhao xian zhe de cha yi 。xiao huang yu yu tou hui fa xing wu zhi de han liang zui duo ,ji ci shi yu pi ,yu rou zhong de hui fa xing wu zhi han liang zui shao 。ji zhong ge ge bu wei de hui fa xing wu zhi zhong dou yi quan lei 、chun lei 、ting lei wei zhu ,xiao huang yu yu tou zhong tong lei han liang gao yu yu pi he yu rou ,xiao huang yu yu pi zhong de zhi lei han liang ming xian gao yu yu tou he yu rou 。ge ge bu wei dou you xiang hu gong cun de hui fa xing wu zhi ,bing ju ye you xie wu zhi jin zai chan ge bu wei chan du jian ce chu 。(2)tong guo dui xin xian xiao huang yu cun fang zai leng cang he dong cang tiao jian xia ,jin hang zhu cang ji jian xiao huang yu pin zhi zhi biao ce ding ,mei ge 5tian jin hang yi ci shi yan ,tan jiu pin zhi zhi biao bian hua 。jie guo biao ming ,gan guan ping ding de fen sui zhao zhu cang shi jian de yan chang cheng xian xia jiang qu shi ,leng cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu gan guan di 10tian ji ben shi qu yuan you pin zhi bing you ming xian de yi wei ,dong cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu 35tian nei se ze xing tai ji ben wan hao ,dong cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu de gan guan ping jia de fen jun gao yu leng cang tiao jian ;leng cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu pHzhi xian xia jiang ,sui hou fu bai bian zhi yan chong chan sheng an lei deng jian xing wu zhi ,di 15tian shi chu xian shang sheng qu shi ,dong cang xiao huang yu de pHzhi cheng xian xia jiang qu shi ,shi jian yue chang xia jiang su lv zeng kuai ;hui fa xing yan ji dan han liang dou sui zhao zhu cang shi jian de zeng jia cheng xian chu shang sheng de qu shi ,leng cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu de hui fa xing yan ji dan han liang zai di 10tian shi chao guo le guo jia an quan xian liang biao zhun ,sui hou ji xu zeng gao ,bing ju shi yan guo cheng zhong neng wen dao ming xian de an dan chou wei ;dong cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu de hui fa xing yan ji dan han liang zeng chang su lv di yu leng cang tiao jian ,35tian nei de hui fa xing yan ji dan han liang jun wei chao chu an quan xian liang biao zhun ;zhu cang guo cheng zhong zong qiu ji han liang dou cheng xian xia jiang qu shi ,leng cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu de zong qiu ji han liang xia jiang jiao kuai ,dong cang tiao jian xia de xiao huang yu zong qiu ji han liang ming xian huan man ,di wen neng shi dan bai zhi fen zi zai yu ti nei dong jie ,qi dao you xiao de bao hu zuo yong ;liu dai ba bi tuo suan zhi sui zhao zhu cang shi jian de yan chang jun cheng xian shang sheng qu shi 。leng cang tiao jian xia qian ji jie duan zeng chang su du man ,dong cang tiao jian xia xiao huang yu de liu dai ba bi tuo suan zhi sui zhao leng dong shi jian de zeng chang ,zeng chang su lv sheng gao ,zhi fang yang hua yue yan chong 。(3)li yong ding kong gu xiang wei cui qu —qi xiang se pu zhi pu lian yong fa dui zhu cang ji jian xiao huang yu hui fa xing wu zhi jin hang ce ding ,tan jiu zhu cang ji jian hui fa xing wu zhi bian hua qu shi ,bing li yong SPSSruan jian dui yu rou hui fa xing wu zhi jin hang zhu cheng fen fen xi ,jiang zhu cheng fen yu pin zhi zhi biao bian hua jin hang xiang guan xing fen xi 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,xiao huang yu ge bu wei de hui fa xing wu zhi bian hua ming xian ,ji te zheng xing hui fa xing wu zhi han liang jun you suo zeng jia ,sui zhao zhu cang shi jian de yan chang ,xiao huang yu yu tou 、yu pi 、yu rou de hui fa xing wu zhi bian hua qu yu yi zhi ,ji zhong quan lei he tong lei wu zhi zhu jian zeng jia ,chun lei wu zhi jian shao ,zhu cang jie duan de hou ji hui chan sheng da liang an lei wu zhi 。xiao huang yu yu rou zhong zhu cheng fen 1chong zhu yao yi quan lei shao liang de tong lei he bu bao he chun lei wu zhi wei zhu ,zhu cheng fen 2zhong zhu yao you yi xie chang lian de quan lei zu cheng ,zhe xie wu zhi jun yu hui fa xing yan ji dan 、liu dai ba bi tuo suan zhi cheng xian zheng xiang guan ,bing ju xiang guan xing jiao gao ,zheng ming hui fa xing wu zhi yu xiao huang yu fu bai bian zhi he zhi fang yang hua guan ji mi qie 。zong qiu ji han liang 、pHzhi ze yu hui fa xing wu zhi cheng xian yi ding de fu xiang guan ,zeng ge fen xi xiao huang yu hui fa xing wu zhi bian hua gui lv yu xiao huang yu pin zhi xi xi xiang guan 。(4)yan jiu xiao huang yu kong qi jian zha jia gong de gong yi tiao jian ,cai yong bu tong jian zha wen du he shi jian yi ji diao liao jin zi shi jian wei bian liang ,li yong chan yin su jie ge xiang ying mian fen xi jia gong hou xiao huang yu de ying yang cheng fen he gan guan pin zhi de bian hua qing kuang ,que ding zui jia de gong yi tiao jian 。jie guo biao ming ,gen ju zai chan yin su shi yan ji chu shang she ji xiang ying mian you hua shi yan de dao gan guan ping fen zui gao shi de jian zha tiao jian shi :jian zha wen du wei 176.77℃,jian zha shi jian wei 15.93 min,diao liao jin zi shi jian 97.52 min。bao liu ying yang cheng fen jiao gao de zui jia jian zha tiao jian shi :jian zha wen du wei 176.77℃,jian zha shi jian wei 15.93 min,diao liao jin zi shi jian 97.52 min,zai ci tiao jian xia xiao huang yu de dan bai zhi han liang shi 20.37 g/100g,zhi fang han liang shi 1.62 g/100g,shui fen han liang shi 73.25g/100g。zeng ge fen xi ,zui zhong que ding kong qi zha guo jian zha xiao huang yu de zui jia gong yi tiao jian shi :jian zha wen du 180℃,jian zha shi jian 16 min,diao liao jin zi shi jian 95 min。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自烟台大学的王奔，发表于刊物烟台大学2019-08-29论文，是一篇关于小黄鱼论文,挥发性物质论文,品质指标论文,空气煎炸论文,烟台大学2019-08-29论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自烟台大学2019-08-29论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：小黄鱼论文; 挥发性物质论文; 品质指标论文; 空气煎炸论文; 烟台大学2019-08-29论文;