本文主要研究内容
作者黄猛（2019）在《黑木相思开花物候及生殖特性初步研究》一文中研究指出：黑木相思(Acacia melanoxylon)为豆科金合欢属常绿乔木,原产澳大利亚东部,该树种分布范围广,垂直分布于海平面附近直至1500m的海拔高地,从昆士兰北(16°S)向南可至塔斯马尼亚(43°S),向西可至南澳大利亚。因其具速生、适应性好、耐性强、改土性能好、材质优良等特点,我国于20世纪80年开始引种栽培。然而,在现有的资料中,尚未发现有关黑木相思花期物候及生殖特性研究的报道。因此,本文以福建省泉州市罗溪国有林场的黑木相思无性系居群作为研究对象,通过野外实地观察、扫描电镜及石蜡切片等技术,对开花物候、繁育系统及雌雄配子体发育等方面进行了系统研究。主要研究结果如下:(1)黑木相思的初蕾时间在5月中旬中后期,群体花期呈非持续性,具有较强的同步性,呈集中开花模式。由于花序分化时间上的差异,从而出现3~4次的非花期循环。群体始花期在6月上旬末期,但也不乏小地形物候现象,山脚要比山腰、山顶提早开花1~2d。开花3d后进入开花盛期,至7月上旬末进入开花末期,整个群体花期持续29d。群体初果期在6月下旬中期,3d后有大量的果实出现,即盛果期。果初熟期在8月中旬初期,13d左右进入果全熟期,果荚成熟后严重扭曲开裂,整个果期持续63d左右。个体水平花期也具较强的同步性,且呈集中开花模式。个体首花时间在6月9日,1~2d后进入盛花期。末花期在8月下旬中期,整个花期持续78d左右。观察中发现,个别植株在果实成熟后有二次开花,花期可延至9月下旬,但罕有结实现象。(2)黑木相思的花序为头状球形,花序上的花蕾发育具有较强的同步性,但也有发育程度差异较大的。花序开放时一般发生在夜间,从花蕾变黄膨大至花序完全开放则需1夜,而单花4~5h即可完全开放。花序开花时,花冠颜色程度加深并出现裂纹,随后逐渐裂为5瓣,呈锯齿状展开。花冠开裂后雌蕊先于雄蕊伸出花冠之外,整个花序完全盛开后,雌蕊高于雄蕊或略平齐。盛开的花序一般宿留花枝10~15d,若遇暴雨、台风等极端天气,花序经雨水后而黏合在一起,并大量脱落。即使当时不脱落,此后也难以恢复原有的现状,持续7~8d便凋落。通过观察可知,花序在开花5~6d后花丝开始萎蔫,柱头萎蔫时间相对花丝要迟1~2d,开花11d左右子房开始膨大变绿,14d左右幼果出现,刚出现的幼果嫩绿且表面密被褐色绒毛,之后表面绒毛逐渐稀落。(3)黑木相思的芽为花芽,仅少量为混合芽。每叶腋内有1~11个头状花序,花序直径约5~11mm,呈乳白色,每花序约33~72朵小花,花两性,罕单性,蕾期花序表面密被褐色绒毛,花冠淡黄泛绿;每花雌蕊通常1枚,由1心皮卷合而成,呈“之”型,无色。柱头形态特征不明显,与花柱不易区分。子房梭形,被微柔毛;雄蕊约36枚,花药略淡黄,花丝无色;花被片薄翼状,略淡黄;花萼合生,呈钟状,长约花冠之半。(4)黑木相思的花药翼瓣状,纵裂;开裂后以复合花粉的形式散落,复合花粉由16个花粉粒构成(上下2层,每层4个花粉粒,四周围绕8个花粉粒)。复合花粉的形态特征为圆饼状或椭圆饼状,花粉粒呈块状,形状通常较为规则,排列组合较整齐。花粉萌发孔为孔状,花粉粒萌发孔数3~4个,其位置在各个角隅。柱头的大小约38.74μm,凹陷呈浅杯状,无乳突,仅容纳1粒复合花粉;闭合型花柱,具引导组织;子房梭形,其表面上部密被绒毛,下部乳突状球体,内部中空。(5)黑木相思的杂交指数(OCI)为4,繁育系统表现为异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者;传粉方式以虫媒传粉为主,为虫媒植物。主要有效传粉昆虫有中华蜜蜂、意大利蜜蜂和斑眼食蚜蝇等。(6)黑木相思的花药4室,每室产生2粒复合花粉;花药壁由4层细胞组成,分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,发育类型为双子叶型;减数分裂后形成的四分体以左右对称的方式排列;成熟的子房1室,边缘胎座,内含倒生胚珠4~16粒,双珠被,厚珠心。
Abstract
hei mu xiang sai (Acacia melanoxylon)wei dou ke jin ge huan shu chang lu qiao mu ,yuan chan ao da li ya dong bu ,gai shu chong fen bu fan wei an ,chui zhi fen bu yu hai ping mian fu jin zhi zhi 1500mde hai ba gao de ,cong kun shi lan bei (16°S)xiang na ke zhi da si ma ni ya (43°S),xiang xi ke zhi na ao da li ya 。yin ji ju su sheng 、kuo ying xing hao 、nai xing jiang 、gai tu xing neng hao 、cai zhi you liang deng te dian ,wo guo yu 20shi ji 80nian kai shi yin chong zai pei 。ran er ,zai xian you de zi liao zhong ,shang wei fa xian you guan hei mu xiang sai hua ji wu hou ji sheng shi te xing yan jiu de bao dao 。yin ci ,ben wen yi fu jian sheng quan zhou shi luo xi guo you lin chang de hei mu xiang sai mo xing ji ju qun zuo wei yan jiu dui xiang ,tong guo ye wai shi de guan cha 、sao miao dian jing ji dan la qie pian deng ji shu ,dui kai hua wu hou 、fan yo ji tong ji ci xiong pei zi ti fa yo deng fang mian jin hang le ji tong yan jiu 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)hei mu xiang sai de chu lei shi jian zai 5yue zhong xun zhong hou ji ,qun ti hua ji cheng fei chi xu xing ,ju you jiao jiang de tong bu xing ,cheng ji zhong kai hua mo shi 。you yu hua xu fen hua shi jian shang de cha yi ,cong er chu xian 3~4ci de fei hua ji xun huan 。qun ti shi hua ji zai 6yue shang xun mo ji ,dan ye bu fa xiao de xing wu hou xian xiang ,shan jiao yao bi shan yao 、shan ding di zao kai hua 1~2d。kai hua 3dhou jin ru kai hua cheng ji ,zhi 7yue shang xun mo jin ru kai hua mo ji ,zheng ge qun ti hua ji chi xu 29d。qun ti chu guo ji zai 6yue xia xun zhong ji ,3dhou you da liang de guo shi chu xian ,ji cheng guo ji 。guo chu shou ji zai 8yue zhong xun chu ji ,13dzuo you jin ru guo quan shou ji ,guo jia cheng shou hou yan chong niu qu kai lie ,zheng ge guo ji chi xu 63dzuo you 。ge ti shui ping hua ji ye ju jiao jiang de tong bu xing ,ju cheng ji zhong kai hua mo shi 。ge ti shou hua shi jian zai 6yue 9ri ,1~2dhou jin ru cheng hua ji 。mo hua ji zai 8yue xia xun zhong ji ,zheng ge hua ji chi xu 78dzuo you 。guan cha zhong fa xian ,ge bie zhi zhu zai guo shi cheng shou hou you er ci kai hua ,hua ji ke yan zhi 9yue xia xun ,dan han you jie shi xian xiang 。(2)hei mu xiang sai de hua xu wei tou zhuang qiu xing ,hua xu shang de hua lei fa yo ju you jiao jiang de tong bu xing ,dan ye you fa yo cheng du cha yi jiao da de 。hua xu kai fang shi yi ban fa sheng zai ye jian ,cong hua lei bian huang peng da zhi hua xu wan quan kai fang ze xu 1ye ,er chan hua 4~5hji ke wan quan kai fang 。hua xu kai hua shi ,hua guan yan se cheng du jia shen bing chu xian lie wen ,sui hou zhu jian lie wei 5ban ,cheng ju chi zhuang zhan kai 。hua guan kai lie hou ci rui xian yu xiong rui shen chu hua guan zhi wai ,zheng ge hua xu wan quan cheng kai hou ,ci rui gao yu xiong rui huo lve ping ji 。cheng kai de hua xu yi ban su liu hua zhi 10~15d,re yu bao yu 、tai feng deng ji duan tian qi ,hua xu jing yu shui hou er nian ge zai yi qi ,bing da liang tuo la 。ji shi dang shi bu tuo la ,ci hou ye nan yi hui fu yuan you de xian zhuang ,chi xu 7~8dbian diao la 。tong guo guan cha ke zhi ,hua xu zai kai hua 5~6dhou hua si kai shi wei nian ,zhu tou wei nian shi jian xiang dui hua si yao chi 1~2d,kai hua 11dzuo you zi fang kai shi peng da bian lu ,14dzuo you you guo chu xian ,gang chu xian de you guo nen lu ju biao mian mi bei he se rong mao ,zhi hou biao mian rong mao zhu jian xi la 。(3)hei mu xiang sai de ya wei hua ya ,jin shao liang wei hun ge ya 。mei xie ye nei you 1~11ge tou zhuang hua xu ,hua xu zhi jing yao 5~11mm,cheng ru bai se ,mei hua xu yao 33~72duo xiao hua ,hua liang xing ,han chan xing ,lei ji hua xu biao mian mi bei he se rong mao ,hua guan dan huang fan lu ;mei hua ci rui tong chang 1mei ,you 1xin pi juan ge er cheng ,cheng “zhi ”xing ,mo se 。zhu tou xing tai te zheng bu ming xian ,yu hua zhu bu yi ou fen 。zi fang suo xing ,bei wei rou mao ;xiong rui yao 36mei ,hua yao lve dan huang ,hua si mo se ;hua bei pian bao yi zhuang ,lve dan huang ;hua e ge sheng ,cheng zhong zhuang ,chang yao hua guan zhi ban 。(4)hei mu xiang sai de hua yao yi ban zhuang ,zong lie ;kai lie hou yi fu ge hua fen de xing shi san la ,fu ge hua fen you 16ge hua fen li gou cheng (shang xia 2ceng ,mei ceng 4ge hua fen li ,si zhou wei rao 8ge hua fen li )。fu ge hua fen de xing tai te zheng wei yuan bing zhuang huo tuo yuan bing zhuang ,hua fen li cheng kuai zhuang ,xing zhuang tong chang jiao wei gui ze ,pai lie zu ge jiao zheng ji 。hua fen meng fa kong wei kong zhuang ,hua fen li meng fa kong shu 3~4ge ,ji wei zhi zai ge ge jiao yu 。zhu tou de da xiao yao 38.74μm,ao xian cheng jian bei zhuang ,mo ru tu ,jin rong na 1li fu ge hua fen ;bi ge xing hua zhu ,ju yin dao zu zhi ;zi fang suo xing ,ji biao mian shang bu mi bei rong mao ,xia bu ru tu zhuang qiu ti ,nei bu zhong kong 。(5)hei mu xiang sai de za jiao zhi shu (OCI)wei 4,fan yo ji tong biao xian wei yi jiao wei zhu ,bu fen zi jiao qin he ,xu yao chuan fen zhe ;chuan fen fang shi yi chong mei chuan fen wei zhu ,wei chong mei zhi wu 。zhu yao you xiao chuan fen kun chong you zhong hua mi feng 、yi da li mi feng he ban yan shi ya ying deng 。(6)hei mu xiang sai de hua yao 4shi ,mei shi chan sheng 2li fu ge hua fen ;hua yao bi you 4ceng xi bao zu cheng ,fen bie wei biao pi 、yao shi nei bi 、zhong ceng he rong zhan ceng ,fa yo lei xing wei shuang zi xie xing ;jian shu fen lie hou xing cheng de si fen ti yi zuo you dui chen de fang shi pai lie ;cheng shou de zi fang 1shi ,bian yuan tai zuo ,nei han dao sheng pei zhu 4~16li ,shuang zhu bei ,hou zhu xin 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自福建农林大学的黄猛，发表于刊物福建农林大学2019-08-30论文，是一篇关于黑木相思论文,开花物候论文,繁育系统论文,雌雄配子体论文,福建农林大学2019-08-30论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自福建农林大学2019-08-30论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：黑木相思论文; 开花物候论文; 繁育系统论文; 雌雄配子体论文; 福建农林大学2019-08-30论文;