汉字“好”的语义功能研究

论文摘要

作为一个高频词,汉字“好”语义功能繁多。本文以Halliday的功能语法和Hopper & Traugott的语法化学说为理论框架,对“好”字的语义功能进行了全面系统的研究。文章分为两部分:“好”字的功能分类和“好”字语义的演变过程。在第一部分,笔者以Halliday的元功能思想为理论基础,对“好”字的语义功能进行分类。在概念功能方面,“好”可作为“过程”,“参与者”和“环境成分”,由词汇语法层的动词,名词,形容词,副词体现。此时“好”用来表达现实世界中的各种经历,具有命题真值意义。其各种功能用法皆来自核心意义“对事物的积极评价”。在语篇和人际功能方面,“好”分别用作“连续成分”和“语气附加语”,由感叹词来体现。此时“好”作为“话语标记”,体现话语的“进程”意义而非命题意义。具体来讲,在语篇功能方面,“好”作为“结束/转折标记”具有语篇衔接作用;在人际功能方面,“好”作为“互动标记”具有建立,维持,延长,中断谈话者谈话内容的作用。文章的第二部分探究了“好”字各种语义功能的发展轨迹。“好”字由核心意义“good”发展为其它各种意义是一个实词虚化的过程。Hopper & Traugott的语法化理论涉及语法化原则,语义发展趋势,实词虚化等思想。就“好”字而言,其发展轨迹可分为三个主要路径,即:1)由形容词发展为复合动词成分——“结果补语”,进而发展为“完成标记”;2)由形容词发展为程度副词;3)由形容词发展为感叹词作为“话语标记”。由此可见,“好”字的各种语义功能彼此相关,因为它们都由形容词进化而来。在虚化过程中,“好”字由本义“good”演变为“satisfactory”,“very”和“finished”等意义。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 An introductory remark on Chinese word Hao
• 1.2 Literature Review
• 1.2.1 An overview of discourse marker
• 1.2.2 The related studies on OK
• 1.2.3 The related studies on Hao
• 1.3 Organization and Theoretical framework of the Study
• Chapter 2 Categorization of the Functions of Hao
• 2.1 Introductory remarks
• 2.2 Theoretical framework
• 2.2.1 Systemic-Functional Grammar
• 2.2.2 Discussion on functions
• 2.2.2.1 Traditional function
• 2.2.2.2 Microfunction
• 2.2.2.3 Macrofunction
• 2.2.2.4 Metafuction
• 2.2.2.5 Structural/ Grammatical function
• 2.2.3 Stratificational Idea
• 2.3 Criterion of categorization: “class”vs “function”
• 2.4 Three Metafunctions realized at the level of word unit
• 2.5 Three Metafuncions in Chinese lexeme Hao
• 2.5.1 Experiential functions of Hao
• 2.5.1.1 Transitivity system
• 2.5.1.2 Hao as Mental Process
• 2.5.1.3 Hao as Goal （Participant）
• 2.5.1.4 Hao as Attribute
• 2.5.1.5 Hao as Circumstance
• 2.5.1.6 Discussion of Hao at Experiential level
• 2.5.2 Textual functions of Hao
• 2.5.2.1 Thematic structure
• 2.5.2.2 Hao as Textual Theme
• 2.5.2.3 Hao as Closing marker
• 2.5.2.4 Hao as Shifting marker
• 2.5.2.5 Discussion of Hao at Textual level
• 2.5.3 Interpersonal functions of Hao
• 2.5.3.1 Speech functions
• 2.5.3.2 Mood structure
• 2.5.3.2.1 Mood
• 2.5.3.2.2 Residue
• 2.5.3.3 Hao as Modal Adjunct
• 2.5.3.4 Hao as Interacting marker
• 2.5.3.4.1 Hao as Attention-getting signal
• 2.5.3.4.2 Hao as Command-softening signal
• 2.5.3.4.3 Hao as Appreciation signal
• 2.5.3.4.4 Hao as Agreement signal
• 2.5.3.4.5 Hao as Acknowledgement signal
• 2.5.3.4.6 Hao as Politeness signal
• 2.5.3.4.7 Hao as Turn-taking signal
• 2.5.3.4.8 Hao as Concession signal
• 2.5.3.4.9 Hao as Irony signal
• 2.5.3.5 Discussion of Hao at Interpersonal level
• 2.6 Summary of the functions of Hao
• Chapter 3 Evolutionary Process of Functions of Hao
• 3.1 An overview of grammaticalisation
• 3.1.1 What is grammaticalisation
• 3.1.2 Semantic bleaching and generalisation
• 3.1.3 Principles of grammaticalisation
• 3.1.4 The tendency of semantic change
• 3.2 An overview of the development of Hao in history
• 3.3 Three paths of grammaticalisation of Hao
• 3.3.1 Path one: from adjective to phase mark
• 3.3.1.1 From adjective to resultive complement
• 3.3.1.1.1 Resultive complement
• 3.3.1.1.2 Hao as resultive complement
• 3.3.1.1.3 Semantic integrity as motivation
• 3.3.1.2 From resultive complement to phase mark
• 3.3.1.2.1 Phase marker
• 3.3.1.2.2 Hao as phase marker
• 3.3.1.2.3 Hao along the cline of grammaticality
• 3.3.2 Path two: from adjective to degree adverb
• 3.3.2.1 Degree adverb and generalization
• 3.3.2.2 Generalization of Hao as degree adverb
• 3.3.3 Path three: from adjective to interjection
• 3.4 Summary of the evolvement of Hao
• Chapter 4 Conclusion
• 4.1 Summary of findings
• 4.2 Suggestions for further research
• References