本文主要研究内容
作者王一腾(2019)在《泾惠渠灌区作物需水量及田间水利用系数研究》一文中研究指出:泾惠渠灌区位于陕西关中平原中部,是关中九大灌区之一,对关中农业高产稳产有着不可估量的作用。随着灌区灌水技术的改进与种植面积的扩大,其有效灌溉面积和设施灌溉面积均大幅提升,使得关中地区农业迎来了新的发展机遇。然而,该灌区以地面灌溉为主,存在渠道设施年久失修,畦田长度过长,田间水利用率低,水分深层渗漏严重等问题,制约了灌区农业的可持续发展。本文针对上述问题,以八成改水成数为基准,在泾惠渠灌区设置三种灌溉畦田长度,长度分别为80 m(L80),120 m(L120)和240 m(L240),畦宽均为3 m,研究了不同畦田长度条件下,冬小麦夏玉米生育期内灌水前后土壤含水率(SWC)动态变化特征和灌水后沿畦长方向不同位置土壤含水率分布规律,冬小麦夏玉米各生育期田间耗水量及作物系数(K_c)计算,分析不同畦田长度灌溉对灌水量、灌水时间和田间水利用系数的影响。本文的主要研究成果有:(1)在本试验条件下,畦田长度对SWC时空分布影响很大,畦田越长,冬小麦夏玉米各生育期内单次灌水后2米土层平均SWC越高,并且长畦(240 m)下渗深,在冬小麦拔节期渗漏严重,不利于节水。(2)灌水后三种畦田长度下,沿畦长方向不同位置2米土层平均SWC不同。在相同畦长条件下,L80和L120在冬小麦夏玉米各生育期内灌水后2米土层平均SWC畦首<畦中<畦尾,但L240规律不一致。不同畦田长度同一位置,2米土层平均SWC表现为L80<L120<L240。(3)冬小麦夏玉米各生育期内田间耗水量随着畦田长度的增加而增大,冬小麦各生育期内田间耗水量L80(苗期68.98 mm,越冬期126.40 mm,拔节期275.77 mm,全生育期471.15 mm)<L120(苗期74.00 mm,越冬期133.50 mm,拔节期292.13 mm,全生育期499.63 mm)<L240(苗期90.75 mm,越冬期160.40 mm,拔节期354.27 mm,全生育期605.42 mm)。夏玉米各生育期内田间耗水量L80(苗期86.40 mm,拔节期178.63 mm,生育期内515.60 mm)<L120(苗期93.67 mm,拔节期196.57 mm,全生育期536.23 mm)<L240(苗期123.87 mm,拔节期234.87 mm,全生育期597.89 mm)。(4)泾惠渠灌区冬小麦生育期内总蒸发蒸腾量为390.99~435.50 mm,作物系数呈先增大后减小的趋势,在冬小麦苗期作物系数0.35~0.38,越冬期0.63~0.67,拔节期1.15~1.21,抽穗灌浆期1.28~1.34,成熟期0.49~0.53,与播种后天数二次相关。泾惠渠灌区夏玉米生育期内总蒸发蒸腾量为357.62~369.01 mm,作物系数呈先增大然后减小的趋势,在夏玉米苗期作物系数0.43~0.47,拔节期0.79~0.83,抽雄灌浆期1.29~1.35,成熟期0.73~0.80,与播种后天数二次相关。(5)2年的田间试验表明,在一定的畦长下,作物生育期内,冬小麦田间水利用系数苗期(L80为0.530,L120为0.516,L240为0.423)<越冬期(L80为0.650,L120为0.612,L240为0.530)<拔节期(L80为0.753,L120为0.698,L240为0.543),夏玉米田间水利用系数苗期(L80为0.595,L120为0.575,L240为0.454)<拔节抽雄期(L80为0.668,L120为0.625,L240为0.558)。作物不同生育期内,田间水利用系数L80(0.525~0.774)显著高于L120(0.508~0.723)和L240(0.420~0.578)。
Abstract
jing hui qu guan ou wei yu shan xi guan zhong ping yuan zhong bu ,shi guan zhong jiu da guan ou zhi yi ,dui guan zhong nong ye gao chan wen chan you zhao bu ke gu liang de zuo yong 。sui zhao guan ou guan shui ji shu de gai jin yu chong zhi mian ji de kuo da ,ji you xiao guan gai mian ji he she shi guan gai mian ji jun da fu di sheng ,shi de guan zhong de ou nong ye ying lai le xin de fa zhan ji yu 。ran er ,gai guan ou yi de mian guan gai wei zhu ,cun zai qu dao she shi nian jiu shi xiu ,qi tian chang du guo chang ,tian jian shui li yong lv di ,shui fen shen ceng shen lou yan chong deng wen ti ,zhi yao le guan ou nong ye de ke chi xu fa zhan 。ben wen zhen dui shang shu wen ti ,yi ba cheng gai shui cheng shu wei ji zhun ,zai jing hui qu guan ou she zhi san chong guan gai qi tian chang du ,chang du fen bie wei 80 m(L80),120 m(L120)he 240 m(L240),qi kuan jun wei 3 m,yan jiu le bu tong qi tian chang du tiao jian xia ,dong xiao mai xia yu mi sheng yo ji nei guan shui qian hou tu rang han shui lv (SWC)dong tai bian hua te zheng he guan shui hou yan qi chang fang xiang bu tong wei zhi tu rang han shui lv fen bu gui lv ,dong xiao mai xia yu mi ge sheng yo ji tian jian hao shui liang ji zuo wu ji shu (K_c)ji suan ,fen xi bu tong qi tian chang du guan gai dui guan shui liang 、guan shui shi jian he tian jian shui li yong ji shu de ying xiang 。ben wen de zhu yao yan jiu cheng guo you :(1)zai ben shi yan tiao jian xia ,qi tian chang du dui SWCshi kong fen bu ying xiang hen da ,qi tian yue chang ,dong xiao mai xia yu mi ge sheng yo ji nei chan ci guan shui hou 2mi tu ceng ping jun SWCyue gao ,bing ju chang qi (240 m)xia shen shen ,zai dong xiao mai ba jie ji shen lou yan chong ,bu li yu jie shui 。(2)guan shui hou san chong qi tian chang du xia ,yan qi chang fang xiang bu tong wei zhi 2mi tu ceng ping jun SWCbu tong 。zai xiang tong qi chang tiao jian xia ,L80he L120zai dong xiao mai xia yu mi ge sheng yo ji nei guan shui hou 2mi tu ceng ping jun SWCqi shou <qi zhong <qi wei ,dan L240gui lv bu yi zhi 。bu tong qi tian chang du tong yi wei zhi ,2mi tu ceng ping jun SWCbiao xian wei L80<L120<L240。(3)dong xiao mai xia yu mi ge sheng yo ji nei tian jian hao shui liang sui zhao qi tian chang du de zeng jia er zeng da ,dong xiao mai ge sheng yo ji nei tian jian hao shui liang L80(miao ji 68.98 mm,yue dong ji 126.40 mm,ba jie ji 275.77 mm,quan sheng yo ji 471.15 mm)<L120(miao ji 74.00 mm,yue dong ji 133.50 mm,ba jie ji 292.13 mm,quan sheng yo ji 499.63 mm)<L240(miao ji 90.75 mm,yue dong ji 160.40 mm,ba jie ji 354.27 mm,quan sheng yo ji 605.42 mm)。xia yu mi ge sheng yo ji nei tian jian hao shui liang L80(miao ji 86.40 mm,ba jie ji 178.63 mm,sheng yo ji nei 515.60 mm)<L120(miao ji 93.67 mm,ba jie ji 196.57 mm,quan sheng yo ji 536.23 mm)<L240(miao ji 123.87 mm,ba jie ji 234.87 mm,quan sheng yo ji 597.89 mm)。(4)jing hui qu guan ou dong xiao mai sheng yo ji nei zong zheng fa zheng teng liang wei 390.99~435.50 mm,zuo wu ji shu cheng xian zeng da hou jian xiao de qu shi ,zai dong xiao mai miao ji zuo wu ji shu 0.35~0.38,yue dong ji 0.63~0.67,ba jie ji 1.15~1.21,chou sui guan jiang ji 1.28~1.34,cheng shou ji 0.49~0.53,yu bo chong hou tian shu er ci xiang guan 。jing hui qu guan ou xia yu mi sheng yo ji nei zong zheng fa zheng teng liang wei 357.62~369.01 mm,zuo wu ji shu cheng xian zeng da ran hou jian xiao de qu shi ,zai xia yu mi miao ji zuo wu ji shu 0.43~0.47,ba jie ji 0.79~0.83,chou xiong guan jiang ji 1.29~1.35,cheng shou ji 0.73~0.80,yu bo chong hou tian shu er ci xiang guan 。(5)2nian de tian jian shi yan biao ming ,zai yi ding de qi chang xia ,zuo wu sheng yo ji nei ,dong xiao mai tian jian shui li yong ji shu miao ji (L80wei 0.530,L120wei 0.516,L240wei 0.423)<yue dong ji (L80wei 0.650,L120wei 0.612,L240wei 0.530)<ba jie ji (L80wei 0.753,L120wei 0.698,L240wei 0.543),xia yu mi tian jian shui li yong ji shu miao ji (L80wei 0.595,L120wei 0.575,L240wei 0.454)<ba jie chou xiong ji (L80wei 0.668,L120wei 0.625,L240wei 0.558)。zuo wu bu tong sheng yo ji nei ,tian jian shui li yong ji shu L80(0.525~0.774)xian zhe gao yu L120(0.508~0.723)he L240(0.420~0.578)。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西北农林科技大学的王一腾,发表于刊物西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文,是一篇关于田间耗水量论文,作物需水量论文,作物系数论文,田间水利用系数论文,西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:田间耗水量论文; 作物需水量论文; 作物系数论文; 田间水利用系数论文; 西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文;