本文主要研究内容
作者葛金金（2019）在《闸控河流的水文生态响应关系及应用研究——以沙颍河为例》一文中研究指出：我国的闸坝数量居世界首位,闸坝在抵御洪旱灾害、保障供水、发电及航运等方面发挥了重要的综合作用,产生了巨大的经济效益。然而,数量众多的闸坝影响了河流的纵向连通性,改变了天然水文节律,引发了河流水生态系统退化问题。如何科学确定闸控河流生态流量是解决这一问题的重要手段。生态流量制定涉及到河流生态用水的科学量化,准确评估维持水生态系统健康的流量需求是核心难点,构建水文生态响应关系是解决这一难点的关键突破口。本文以典型闸控河流沙颍河为研究对象,通过建闸前后水文情势变化及其影响要素的分析,识别了近自然水文节律的主要扰动因子,从水生态系统物种群落结构和功能出发,以底栖动物为敏感指示物种,构建了底栖动物定量化的水文生态响应关系,并确定了水文阈值范围,提出了一种闸坝重干扰河段的生态流量定制方法。论文主要研究内容包括:(1)基于长序列的水文监测数据,系统分析了闸控河流的水文变异特征,明晰了主要的水文扰动指标基于研究区的DEM、河道地形、降雨等数据资料,构建了WEP-L分布式水文模型,还原了河流建闸前的流量数据,解决了水文变动评估中缺乏自然监测流量数据的难题。结合现状收集的建闸后典型断面的流量数据,首先评估了建闸前后的流量周期变化特征,发现建闸后典型断面的流量周期呈延长趋势;其次对比了建闸前后流量的年内、年际变化特征,发现闸坝加重了河流流量变化的离散程度,增加了断流风险;最后,基于IHA方法和修正的RVA方法,从月均变动、极值大小、极值时间、脉冲频率、变化频率这五个方面定量评估了建闸前后水文情势的变动状况。结果表明,闸控导致干流典型断面的流量要素均产生了高度扰动,其中,1日最小流量、3日最大流量、逆转次数、7日最小流量和0流量天数为干流近自然水文情势的主要水文扰动指标。(2)从水生态系统结构功能出发,系统分析了闸控河流底栖动物的生态系统状况,识别了影响底栖动物结构功能的关键水文因子利用2010～2018年长序列的底栖动物采样和调查数据,在系统分析研究区底栖动物群落结构变化特征的基础上,结合表征底栖动物群落变动的三个核心生态属性:功能摄食类群FFGs、生活栖息类群HTGs和多样性,采用排序分析和Network方法,辨识出与底栖动物群落生态属性相关度最高的水文因子:月均流量monmean、0流量天数zerodays、1日最大流量1daymax、连续90日最大流量90daymax、连续30日最小流量30daymin。其中功能摄食类群主要受到1daymax的影响,生活栖息类群主要受到30daymin的影响,底栖动物的多样性主要受到monmean的影响。(3)构建了闸控河流底栖动物水文生态定量响应关系将底栖动物群落结构的核心指标和五个相关度最高的关键水文因子进行多项式拟合,制作拟合效果热点图发现,FFGs组分与1daymax,HTGs组分与30daymin,多样性和monmean拟合效果均呈现较显著特征。在上述分析基础上,同时构建了FFGs组分、HTGs组分、多样性和水文因子的定量响应关系,量化了各个组分具体的响应特征。分析表明,在FFGs组分中,随着1daymax的增加,受到基质扰动、食物供应和自身适应能力等限制,滤食者和撕食者占比呈现先降低后增加的变化,集食者占比呈现持续降低变化,而捕食者和刮食者呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势。在HTGs中,随着30daymin增加,受到自身形态结构调整、底质适应性和漂移特性等限制,黏附者占比呈现先降低后增加的变化趋势,营巢者占比呈持续降低趋势,攀爬者占比呈现短暂降低而后持续增加的变化,游泳者占比呈增加变化,而匍匐爬行者占比呈现先增大后降低的变化趋势。底栖动物多样性指数随着monmean的增加表现出先降低后增加的变化,其中30m/s的monmean是静水物种为主向动水物种为主转变的界限流量。(4)基于水文生态响应关系,提出了闸控重干扰河流的生态流量确定方法和保障技术在系统总结自然流态范式理论的基础上,基于底栖动物水文生态定量响应关系,结合闸控河流水文情势受到重度人为扰动的特点,从生态需求和人类社会需求的生态服务出发,提出了闸控重干扰河流的生态流量定制方法。以典型断面槐店闸为例,采用多目标优化方法,对河流提供的生态功能服务进行量化,结合槐店30年长序列建闸后的流量监测数据,制定了槐店闸利于发挥最大生态功能服务的生态流量调控方案。针对沙颍河生态流量管理和保障过程中的实际问题,基于适应性管理理论和水资源调控措施,构建了闸控河流的生态流量保障机制。
Abstract
wo guo de zha ba shu liang ju shi jie shou wei ,zha ba zai di yu hong han zai hai 、bao zhang gong shui 、fa dian ji hang yun deng fang mian fa hui le chong yao de zeng ge zuo yong ,chan sheng le ju da de jing ji xiao yi 。ran er ,shu liang zhong duo de zha ba ying xiang le he liu de zong xiang lian tong xing ,gai bian le tian ran shui wen jie lv ,yin fa le he liu shui sheng tai ji tong tui hua wen ti 。ru he ke xue que ding zha kong he liu sheng tai liu liang shi jie jue zhe yi wen ti de chong yao shou duan 。sheng tai liu liang zhi ding she ji dao he liu sheng tai yong shui de ke xue liang hua ,zhun que ping gu wei chi shui sheng tai ji tong jian kang de liu liang xu qiu shi he xin nan dian ,gou jian shui wen sheng tai xiang ying guan ji shi jie jue zhe yi nan dian de guan jian tu po kou 。ben wen yi dian xing zha kong he liu sha ying he wei yan jiu dui xiang ,tong guo jian zha qian hou shui wen qing shi bian hua ji ji ying xiang yao su de fen xi ,shi bie le jin zi ran shui wen jie lv de zhu yao rao dong yin zi ,cong shui sheng tai ji tong wu chong qun la jie gou he gong neng chu fa ,yi de qi dong wu wei min gan zhi shi wu chong ,gou jian le de qi dong wu ding liang hua de shui wen sheng tai xiang ying guan ji ,bing que ding le shui wen yu zhi fan wei ,di chu le yi chong zha ba chong gan rao he duan de sheng tai liu liang ding zhi fang fa 。lun wen zhu yao yan jiu nei rong bao gua :(1)ji yu chang xu lie de shui wen jian ce shu ju ,ji tong fen xi le zha kong he liu de shui wen bian yi te zheng ,ming xi le zhu yao de shui wen rao dong zhi biao ji yu yan jiu ou de DEM、he dao de xing 、jiang yu deng shu ju zi liao ,gou jian le WEP-Lfen bu shi shui wen mo xing ,hai yuan le he liu jian zha qian de liu liang shu ju ,jie jue le shui wen bian dong ping gu zhong que fa zi ran jian ce liu liang shu ju de nan ti 。jie ge xian zhuang shou ji de jian zha hou dian xing duan mian de liu liang shu ju ,shou xian ping gu le jian zha qian hou de liu liang zhou ji bian hua te zheng ,fa xian jian zha hou dian xing duan mian de liu liang zhou ji cheng yan chang qu shi ;ji ci dui bi le jian zha qian hou liu liang de nian nei 、nian ji bian hua te zheng ,fa xian zha ba jia chong le he liu liu liang bian hua de li san cheng du ,zeng jia le duan liu feng xian ;zui hou ,ji yu IHAfang fa he xiu zheng de RVAfang fa ,cong yue jun bian dong 、ji zhi da xiao 、ji zhi shi jian 、mai chong pin lv 、bian hua pin lv zhe wu ge fang mian ding liang ping gu le jian zha qian hou shui wen qing shi de bian dong zhuang kuang 。jie guo biao ming ,zha kong dao zhi gan liu dian xing duan mian de liu liang yao su jun chan sheng le gao du rao dong ,ji zhong ,1ri zui xiao liu liang 、3ri zui da liu liang 、ni zhuai ci shu 、7ri zui xiao liu liang he 0liu liang tian shu wei gan liu jin zi ran shui wen qing shi de zhu yao shui wen rao dong zhi biao 。(2)cong shui sheng tai ji tong jie gou gong neng chu fa ,ji tong fen xi le zha kong he liu de qi dong wu de sheng tai ji tong zhuang kuang ,shi bie le ying xiang de qi dong wu jie gou gong neng de guan jian shui wen yin zi li yong 2010～2018nian chang xu lie de de qi dong wu cai yang he diao cha shu ju ,zai ji tong fen xi yan jiu ou de qi dong wu qun la jie gou bian hua te zheng de ji chu shang ,jie ge biao zheng de qi dong wu qun la bian dong de san ge he xin sheng tai shu xing :gong neng she shi lei qun FFGs、sheng huo qi xi lei qun HTGshe duo yang xing ,cai yong pai xu fen xi he Networkfang fa ,bian shi chu yu de qi dong wu qun la sheng tai shu xing xiang guan du zui gao de shui wen yin zi :yue jun liu liang monmean、0liu liang tian shu zerodays、1ri zui da liu liang 1daymax、lian xu 90ri zui da liu liang 90daymax、lian xu 30ri zui xiao liu liang 30daymin。ji zhong gong neng she shi lei qun zhu yao shou dao 1daymaxde ying xiang ,sheng huo qi xi lei qun zhu yao shou dao 30dayminde ying xiang ,de qi dong wu de duo yang xing zhu yao shou dao monmeande ying xiang 。(3)gou jian le zha kong he liu de qi dong wu shui wen sheng tai ding liang xiang ying guan ji jiang de qi dong wu qun la jie gou de he xin zhi biao he wu ge xiang guan du zui gao de guan jian shui wen yin zi jin hang duo xiang shi ni ge ,zhi zuo ni ge xiao guo re dian tu fa xian ,FFGszu fen yu 1daymax,HTGszu fen yu 30daymin,duo yang xing he monmeanni ge xiao guo jun cheng xian jiao xian zhe te zheng 。zai shang shu fen xi ji chu shang ,tong shi gou jian le FFGszu fen 、HTGszu fen 、duo yang xing he shui wen yin zi de ding liang xiang ying guan ji ,liang hua le ge ge zu fen ju ti de xiang ying te zheng 。fen xi biao ming ,zai FFGszu fen zhong ,sui zhao 1daymaxde zeng jia ,shou dao ji zhi rao dong 、shi wu gong ying he zi shen kuo ying neng li deng xian zhi ,lv shi zhe he si shi zhe zhan bi cheng xian xian jiang di hou zeng jia de bian hua ,ji shi zhe zhan bi cheng xian chi xu jiang di bian hua ,er bu shi zhe he gua shi zhe cheng xian xian zeng jia hou jiang di de bian hua qu shi 。zai HTGszhong ,sui zhao 30dayminzeng jia ,shou dao zi shen xing tai jie gou diao zheng 、de zhi kuo ying xing he piao yi te xing deng xian zhi ,nian fu zhe zhan bi cheng xian xian jiang di hou zeng jia de bian hua qu shi ,ying chao zhe zhan bi cheng chi xu jiang di qu shi ,pan pa zhe zhan bi cheng xian duan zan jiang di er hou chi xu zeng jia de bian hua ,you yong zhe zhan bi cheng zeng jia bian hua ,er pu fu pa hang zhe zhan bi cheng xian xian zeng da hou jiang di de bian hua qu shi 。de qi dong wu duo yang xing zhi shu sui zhao monmeande zeng jia biao xian chu xian jiang di hou zeng jia de bian hua ,ji zhong 30m/sde monmeanshi jing shui wu chong wei zhu xiang dong shui wu chong wei zhu zhuai bian de jie xian liu liang 。(4)ji yu shui wen sheng tai xiang ying guan ji ,di chu le zha kong chong gan rao he liu de sheng tai liu liang que ding fang fa he bao zhang ji shu zai ji tong zong jie zi ran liu tai fan shi li lun de ji chu shang ,ji yu de qi dong wu shui wen sheng tai ding liang xiang ying guan ji ,jie ge zha kong he liu shui wen qing shi shou dao chong du ren wei rao dong de te dian ,cong sheng tai xu qiu he ren lei she hui xu qiu de sheng tai fu wu chu fa ,di chu le zha kong chong gan rao he liu de sheng tai liu liang ding zhi fang fa 。yi dian xing duan mian huai dian zha wei li ,cai yong duo mu biao you hua fang fa ,dui he liu di gong de sheng tai gong neng fu wu jin hang liang hua ,jie ge huai dian 30nian chang xu lie jian zha hou de liu liang jian ce shu ju ,zhi ding le huai dian zha li yu fa hui zui da sheng tai gong neng fu wu de sheng tai liu liang diao kong fang an 。zhen dui sha ying he sheng tai liu liang guan li he bao zhang guo cheng zhong de shi ji wen ti ,ji yu kuo ying xing guan li li lun he shui zi yuan diao kong cuo shi ,gou jian le zha kong he liu de sheng tai liu liang bao zhang ji zhi 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自中国水利水电科学研究院的葛金金，发表于刊物中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文，是一篇关于生态流量论文,闸控河流论文,水文指标论文,主要扰动因子论文,响应关系论文,中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：生态流量论文; 闸控河流论文; 水文指标论文; 主要扰动因子论文; 响应关系论文; 中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文;