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论美国行政部门的反腐体系

论文摘要

本论文旨在研究美国行政部门的反腐体系并探讨其成败。作者研究发现,美国历史上曾经有几个时期官员腐败盛行,究其原因,主要是由于官员道德意识淡漠,反腐机制不健全,政府工作缺乏透明度。本论文运用Miller, Spence和Roberts关于反腐体系的理论,分析了“水门”事件前后美国的反腐体系。作者发现,事件前后美国的反腐体系表现出不同的特点。事件前,美国行政部门的反腐体系往往是在问题出现后针对性地进行立法,规范官员行为,属于应对型体系;事件后,人们对腐败到了深恶痛绝的地步,联邦政府因而建立了一个全面的防腐、治腐的体系,属于预防型体系。在这一体系中,首先是通过道德规范、道德法律和相关教育提高官员的道德水平,其次是加强对腐败的调查、起诉力度,增加威慑力,第三是通过“阳光”法律、知情者举报和官员财务公开等制度增加政府工作的透明度。这一体系在一定程度上遏制了腐败的蔓延,有助于提高公众对政府的信心,为官员的行为提供了更明确的指导。但同时也存在一些问题。反腐工作提高了财政支出,加重了官员的时间和精力的负担,给总统组阁和任命官员带来麻烦,同时也让政府工作效率低下。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Acknowledgements
  • Introduction
  • Chapter Ⅰ History of American Political Corruption and Its Causes
  • 1.1 Political Corruption in American History: a Brief Review
  • 1.2 Causes of Political Corruption
  • Chapter Ⅱ Corruption Control System before Watergate: a Reactive System
  • 2.1 What is a Reactive Corruption Control System?
  • 2.2 The Reactive Corruption Control System in the U.S
  • 2.3 Weaknesses of the Reactive Corruption Control System
  • Chapter Ⅲ Corruption Control System after Watergate: a Preventive System.
  • 3.1 What is a Preventive System?
  • 3.2 Promoting Ethical Behavior
  • 3.2.1 Code of Ethics
  • 3.2.2 Ethics Laws
  • 3.2.3 Ethics Enforcement
  • 3.3 Strengthening Corruption Control Institutions
  • 3.4 Increasing Transparency
  • 3.4.1 Sunshine Laws
  • 3.4.2 Whistleblowing
  • 3.4.3 Financial Disclosure
  • Chapter Ⅳ An Appraisal of the Preventive Corruption Control System
  • 4.1 What has the Preventive System Achieved?
  • 4.1.1 Effective Control?
  • 4.1.2 Restored Public Confidence
  • 4.1.3 Clearer Guidelines for Public Officials
  • 4.2 Drawbacks of the Preventive Control System
  • 4.2.1 Increased Expenditure
  • 4.2.2 Heavier Burden on Federal Employees
  • 4.2.3 Increased Difficulty for Presidential Recruitment
  • 4.2.4 Inefficiency of Government Service Delivery
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix

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