一个和谐的社会 ——对《红字》的生态女性主义解读
论文摘要
作为美国作家霍桑的最大的文学成就,《红字》由于其流畅而优美的写作,对人物内在心理的深刻描述,模糊广泛的象征意义及道德观念的戏剧性冲突,在美国文学的领域引起了世纪之久的关注和评论。在中国,对《红字》的研究是到文化大革命才初现端倪。最近几年,女性主义文学批评成为研究《红字》的一个新方向,生态女性主义文学批评这个新兴的理论仍然不被大众所熟悉。本文旨在通过新兴的理论——生态女性主义文学批评对《红字》进行深入的研究。生态女性主义文学批评是一种生态或环境的批评和女性主义文学批评的结合,将视角聚焦于文化背景下所存在的压迫:种族压迫,性别歧视,阶级压迫和对自然的剥削。对《红字》一书的分析运用了生态女性主义文学批评,从自然,性别和种族这几个角度,结合霍桑的生平和当时的历史背景,展示了霍桑在作品《红字》中的生态女性主义意识及其局限性,揭露父权制的清教徒社会是压迫女性,自然和印第安人的根源,探讨自然问题,性别问题和种族问题之间的关联性,探寻小说的主题——建立一个乌托邦——一个人人平等的和谐社会。
论文目录
中文摘要Abstract中文文摘SynopsisChapter One Introduction1.1 Introduction of The Scarlet Letter1.2 Criticism on The Scarlet LetterChapter Two Hawthorne's Background and His Ecofeminist Consciousness2.1 Hawthorne's Background2.2 Ecofeminist Consciousness in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Life2.2.1 Nature in Hawthorne's Childhood2.2.2 Transcendentalist and Utopian Influence on Hawthorne2.2.3 Influences of Domestic Events and European Revolutions2.2.4 Some Important Women in Hawthorne's Life and Their Influences2.2.5 Haunting Shame of His Puritan AncestorsChapter Three Ecofeminism and Its Literary Criticism3.1 Ecofeminism3.2 Ecofeminist Literary CriticismChapter Four Ecofeminist Analysis in The Scarlet Letter4.1 Analysis from the Perspective of Environment4.1.1 Analysis of Rosebush and Forest in The Scarlet Letter4.1.2.Nature and Woman4.1.3 Nature and Science4.1.4 Nature and Society4.2 Analysis from the Perspective of Gender4.2.1 Female and Male Characters in The Scarlet Letter4.2.2 The Relation between Male and Female4.3 Analysis from the Perspective of Race4.4 Hawthorne's Limits of Ecofeminist Consciousness in The Scarlet Letter4.4.1 Limits of Ecofeminist Consciousness in Hawthorne's Character4.4.2 Limits and Compromise in The Scarlet LetterChapter Five ConclusionReferencesAcknowledgements
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